Mung bean fungal disease
Symptoms of mung bean sclerotia have occurred in greenhouses or exposed areas. In the flowering stage, the basal part of the diseased plant was gray, causing the whole plant to wither, and the diseased stem showed rat fecal sclerotia. Infested with water stains at the beginning of the disease, they gradually turned gray, and some grew black sclerotia.
The pathogen, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, called Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, belonging to the genus Ascomycota. Sclerotia spherical, diameter 0.5-1mm, brown, like rapeseed.
Transmission routes and disease conditions are sclerotial wintering in soil or mung bean field residues or mixed in compost and seeds. In the following year, the sclerotia of the overwintering sap germinate under appropriate conditions to produce the ascitium plate. After the ascus is mature, spores in the sac are ejected and spread with the wind. Spores last for more than a month and infest the surrounding plants. In addition, sclerotia sometimes produce mycelia directly. The mycelium on the diseased plant has a strong infective force and is re-infected to spread. Mycelium developed rapidly and the diseased department rotted. When the nutrient is consumed to a certain extent, sclerotia are produced and the sclerotia germinate without sleeping. The disease occurs in cold and humid conditions, suitable temperature 5-20 °C, 15 °C optimum, 0-35 °C ascospores can germinate, with 5-10 °C the most favorable. Mycelium can grow at 30 °C, 20. e is optimal. The temperature of sclerotia formation was consistent with the temperature required for mycelial growth. Sclerotia were killed at 50°C for 5 minutes. The bacteria have strict humidity requirements. In humid soils, sclerotia only survive for 1 year; water accumulates in the soil for a long period of time and it dies in 1 month; it can survive in dry soil for more than 3 years, but it is not easy to germinate. The germination of sclerotium requires high humidity and cold conditions. After germination, the ascus development requires 10 consecutive days of sufficient moisture. Relative humidity of 70%, ascospores can survive for 21 days; relative humidity of 100% only survives for 5 days; field conditions Under asparagus spores scattered on the bean leaf survived for 12 days, the inoculum of the pathogen and mycelium infecting the mung bean require that the surface of the plant remains free water for 48-72 hours, and the relative humidity is less than 100%, and the pathogen cannot infect. Mung bean fungal disease generally occurs after flowering, and the bacteria can infect the health department after obtaining nutrition on the old flower. The damage period is longer.
Control methods (1) Use disease-free seed or seed treatment [Sampling from disease-free plants, such as seeds mixed with sclerotia and diseased bodies, soaking with 10% saline solution before sowing, and then sowing after washing with water. (2) Crop rotation, deep plowing, and soil treatment are conditional and can be rotated with rice and grass crops; deep plowing immediately after harvest, burying most of the sclerotia below 3 cm; cultivating in the mid-earth of the ascendant plate; raising the temperature by irrigating the mulching film; Use high temperatures to kill some sclerotia. (3) Diligently loosen soil, weed, and remove old leaves and diseased bodies. (4) Covering the mulching film and rationally fertilizing the mulching film to remove the soil, requiring strict paving. In addition, to avoid partial nitrogen fertilizer, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Conditions can be covered with mud, blocking bacteria. (5) Focus on ecological control Spray 50% Nongliling WP 1000 times solution or 50% acetaminophen wettable powder 1000-1500 times solution, 50% quick WP wettable powder 1500-2000 times, if necessary. 40% Mosquito WP 800-1000 times, 50% Sulfur Suspension 500x, 50% Polymyxin (Carbendazim plus Dimethoxine) Wettable Powder 1500x, 65% B Ling (thiobacillus Wei) WP 1000 times, every 667m2 spray good liquid 60L, 10 times or less, control 2-3 times.
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