Occurrence of Soybean Virus Disease and Comprehensive Prevention and Control Technology
Soybean virus disease, also known as soybean mosaic disease, is one of the major diseases of soybean. It is a world-wide problem because it is difficult to control and damage. In general, the annual output is reduced by about 15%, and in re-issued years, production is reduced by more than 50%, and the quality of soybean seeds is affected.
First, the harm symptoms
Soybean virus disease is a systemic invasive disease, which can affect the entire growth period. Leaves, flower organs, and soybean meal can all be harmed. The upper leaves showed yellowish-greenish mottles. The leaves were bulging along the veins, followed by more and more mottled and shrinking leaves. The leaves were deformed, the mesophylls were protruding, the margins of the leaves curled, the plant growth was dwarfed, and the number of knots was increased. Reduced, small, small, pods flat, curved and other deformities. After the onset of soybean maturity, the beans are significantly reduced and can cause light brown markings on the beans.
Second, the characteristics of the disease
The disease is mainly caused by one of the three viruses of soybean mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus, and stigma mosaic virus or two or more of them. The symptoms that the field presents are often mixed symptoms. The virus is mainly adsorbed on the seeds of legumes and overwintering. It can also be overwintered in overwintering leguminous crops or left in the field with the remnants of diseased plants. Seeds with poisonous seeds are sown, and they can develop disease after emergence. During the growth period, they are mainly transmitted by aphids and planthoppers, and the contact between plants and agricultural operations can also be transmitted.
Viruses like high-temperature and drought conditions, suitable for the development of temperature range of 15 ~ 38 °C, the incidence of the optimal conditions for the temperature of 20 ~ 35 °C, relative humidity less than 80%. In case of persistent high-temperature and dry weather, or heavy locusts and planthoppers, the occurrence and prevalence of diseases are likely to occur.
Extensive cultivation and management, many weeds in the field, agricultural operations do not pay attention to prevent transmission of poisons, continuous cropping for many years, low-lying land, lack of fertilizer, water shortages, nitrogen fertilizer application of too much weight of the field.
Different varieties have obvious differences in resistance to viral diseases.
Third, comprehensive prevention and control technology
1. Select disease-resistant varieties, use 60% imidacloprid suspension seed coating agent + Atailing (6% oligosaccharide chain protein wettable powder) for seed treatment, proper sowing of non-toxic seeds is the key to prevention and treatment.
2, timely treatment of aphids and migratory locusts, reduce mediators, prevent and reduce the virus infection. The agent may be spray-controlled by nicotine insecticides such as imidacloprid, acetamiprid, and thiamethoxam.
3, to strengthen the cultivation and management: rational dense planting, full application of organic fertilizer, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, so that the soil loose and fertile, promote plant robust growth, reduce disease; early disease should be timely removal of diseased plants and destroyed in the field; clean Tianbian Weeds reduce the source of the virus. After the harvest, the diseased body was promptly removed, and the soil was deeply turned to accelerate the decay of the diseased body.
4, drug control: the beginning of the onset of spraying protection, depending on the development of the disease, spray every 7 to 10 days 1, once every 1 to 3 times. The agent may be selected and sprayed with Ningnanmycin, Ataline (oligosaccharide chain protein), etc. at the recommended dosage.
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