Papaya breeding techniques

Papaya is a dry, near-mature fruit of Chaen omeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai, which is also known as wrinkled papaya. It is mainly produced in Shandong, Anhui, Sichuan, Hubei, Yunnan, and Shaanxi provinces and has antitussive townships. , Qingshu diuresis, Shujinhuoluo, and detoxification and other functions, in recent years has also developed a papaya drink, papaya wine, preserved fruit, canned goods and cosmetics and other products, domestic and foreign markets in short supply, the development of papaya industry has a very broad prospect, will now Papaya seedling propagation technology is described as follows: First, seed collection and seed treatment Selection of fruit trees without fruit and pests in the full fruit period around mid-September each year, when the majority of papaya fruit skin turns yellow when they can begin picking, remove the seed, select empty grains, wolfberry grains, Then soak it in 0.1-0.3% potassium permanganate solution for about 1 hour. Rinse off with clean water and sow directly or sow in the spring of next spring. The sand method is mixed with the ratio of 1:3 to the net sand. Open sand To a cool dry place with lee, the pit depth is about 50cm. If there are too many seeds, bamboo sticks or corn sticks are used as "vent holes", and the humidity of the sand is held in groups without drip. It is advisable to cover about 30cm of net sand and check the storage process 2-3 times a month. If mildew or fever occurs, it should be transferred to the kiln in time. Around the middle of March in the spring of next year, when two-thirds of the seed is broken, the seeds can be sown. Second, the choice of nursery and pre-sowing preparation nursery should choose convenient transportation, adequate water, drainage and irrigation, loose, fertile brown soil or yellow soil land. Before sowing, it is necessary to finely prepare the land and apply 10 kilograms of carbofuran, 5 kilograms of carbendazim and 15 kilograms of compound fertilizer per mu. Third, sowing papaya is usually used flat bed sowing method, sowing rate of 30-40 kg per mu, bed width 120-150cm, spacing 20cm, ditch depth 8-10cm, cover soil thickness 3-4cm, aisle 20-25cm, after sowing irrigation sole water. Fourth, field management Papaya seedlings field management is mainly loose soil, weeding, watering, fertilizer, as long as the seeds, soil disinfection clearance, the seeds are fully mature, generally do not need pest control. Weeding is to achieve "in addition to early, small, addition," to avoid drought, regular soil loosening, emergence after about a month can be fat, using the fertilization method, once every half a month, apply 15 kg of urea per acre, A total of 4-5 treatments were applied, and fertilization was stopped after the beginning of autumn to promote lignification of seedlings. V. Seedling grafting Traditional planting Seedlings often plant seedlings, not only late fruiting (usually five to six years of fruiting) low yield, and species degradation, low economic efficiency, most grafted seedlings now, the third year began to bear fruit, Shandong In recent years, several varieties such as Changchun, Guohua, and Green Jade, which have been selected for breeding, have strong adaptability and high yield (the yield per mu can reach more than 5000kg after high yield, and the income is nearly RMB 10,000). The varieties are excellent and can be widely promoted and popularized. The grafting time is usually from late August to early September. Usually, single bud abdominal connection method is used, without buds, and the spring will be completely healed the following year. The 2-3cm distance from the grafting site will be cut off, and the buds will be removed in time to strengthen the management. It can grow to about 1.5m. For a small number of unviable individuals, the same method will be adopted in spring.

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