Protected strawberry winter management technology
First, timely cover insulation
Timely cover insulation refers to the insulation of greenhouses and covered straw curtains in a timely manner, which is one of the important techniques for the winter management of protected strawberries. Because the implementation of the same time is the same as the time of planting, it is determined by the type of cultivation. It is also early in the cultivation and planting, and it should be covered earlier. It should be covered before the strawberry is dormant, and the cultivation should be covered after the strawberry is dormant. The cultivation purpose is not achieved too early or too late. It is not possible to achieve the purpose of the morning market when the cultivation is covered too late, and there is also a problem that the strawberry plants grow too prosperous due to excessive sleep. However, if the semi-producing cultivation is too early, and the planting species does not reach the required dormancy, plant dwarfing, yield and quality decline will occur.
Second, hormone management
The purpose of covering the greenhouse is to heat up and promote the growth of strawberries. The management of hormones also promotes the growth of strawberries. Immediately after the coverage, the hormone management of strawberries should be carried out. In the production, the plants should be arranged to remove the old leaves, remove the flowers and buds from time to time, ridge and cover the black mulch. Plants with flowers and buds from time to time are not sensitive to hormones. Similarly, hormone management does not grow rapidly, and it is easy to form small old seedlings. At the same time, the fruit quality and yield of flowering and fruiting are not ideal. Therefore, while removing the old leaves, it is necessary to remove the flowers and buds from time to time to ensure the normal growth and development of the strawberry plants to achieve the desired yield and quality.
The hormone management of strawberry is another important technology for winter management of protected strawberry. Hormone management is mainly to spray gibberellin to break dormancy or prevent strawberry dormancy, the concentration is generally 5-10ppm. Now generally spray the effect of 3-6mm, it is better than gibberellin. The concentration of gibberellin spray should be determined by the spraying time, variety, seedling condition and shed temperature. In principle, the time is early, the temperature is high, the dormancy is shorter, and the concentration of weakly sprayed seedlings is lower, and vice versa.
Third, fertilizer and water management technology
The protected area is different from the open field. The air humidity is high, the surface is always wet, the surface is wet, but the soil is short of water, so it should be watered in time. Watering should be done with less pouring and pouring, and drip irrigation should be carried out to wet half of the ridge, usually 5-7 days. At the same time, water has a correlation with fertilizer, and water can be used to regulate fertilizer.
Timely and reasonable fertilization mainly refers to fertilization according to the law of strawberry absorption and how much is needed. Before the flowering of strawberry, the fertilizer is less and mainly mainly absorbs nitrogen fertilizer. After flowering, it enters the first peak of fertilizer absorption, and the absorption of potassium fertilizer is also Entering the peak, the second peak is at the end of the first picking, after the second flower blooms. At the same time, strawberry roots are very sensitive to salt, and it is easy to burn roots due to fertilization. The growth of strawberry roots is closely related to soil temperature. The soil temperature is lower than 5 degrees, the roots stop growing, less than 10 degrees, and the growth is slow. 15-20 degrees is the optimal temperature for root growth and development. Above 30 degrees, the roots stop growing.
Therefore, strawberry fertilization should be rationally fertilized in a timely manner. The amount of fertilizer applied once is large, and the soil temperature is low when fertilizing, which is easy to cause root burning. In principle, it is not advisable to fertilize from December to January of the following year, with little or no application in the early stage, and fertilization after flowering or after spring. Reasonable fertilization also includes the type of fertilization. Before the flowering, the nitrogen fertilizer is the main one. After the flowering, the potassium fertilizer is mainly used to ensure the normal growth and development of the strawberry and improve the quality of different fertilizer elements in different periods.
Fourth, temperature and humidity management
Strawberry temperature and humidity management in protected areas is another important part of winter strawberries. The main goal is to grow the fruit at a moderate temperature and reduce the humidity to reduce the occurrence of diseases.
The size of the strawberry fruit is determined by the number of torus cells and the expansion of the cells. The number of cells is determined by the time of flower bud differentiation and the number of stages of the flower buds. It is generally certain, and the cell expansion and strawberry fruit ripening time. The length of strawberry fruit begins from fertilization and requires 600 degrees of accumulated temperature. If the average daily temperature is 30 degrees, the fruit will mature in 20 days, the average daily temperature is 20 degrees, and the fruit needs 30 days to mature. The longer the fruit matures, the larger the cells are. The larger the fruit, the larger the fruit, and at less than 18 degrees, the fruit only expands and does not color, and the protected land can control the temperature of the fruit ripening period to a certain extent, prolong the ripening time of the fruit, and achieve fruit growth.
The size of the strawberry fruit in the protected area is closely related to the temperature of the fruit during the ripening process, that is, the length of the growth time. The temperature is low, and the fruit is large when the time is long, and the fruit is small when the time is long. At the same time, the appropriate temperature also increases the fruit storage and transportation. The hardness of the fruit is related to the temperature of the fruit during ripening. The higher the temperature, the lower the hardness and the worse the storage capacity. Otherwise, the fruit is hard and the storage is better. Humidity is also closely related to the storage capacity of the fruit. The greater the humidity, the softer the fruit, the thinner the skin, and the poorer the storage. Therefore, the greenhouse should be kept at a low temperature and low humidity to achieve the purpose of large strawberry fruit and good storage capacity. The temperature is inversely related to the humidity. The moisture content of the air is constant. The higher the temperature, the lower the air humidity, and vice versa. However, if the temperature is high, even if the humidity is low, the storage and transportation of the fruit is still poor. Ventilation and ventilation in winter greenhouses, while reducing temperature and reducing humidity, is an important measure to improve fruit quality and an important technical measure to reduce the occurrence of gray mold.
In winter, strawberry greenhouses mainly rely on sunlight to increase the temperature inside the shed, and rely on protection to maintain a certain temperature in the shed. Therefore, there is a certain contradiction between ventilation and humidity reduction and heat preservation. At the same time, the temperature is too low, which also affects the normal growth and development of strawberries. The shed temperature is less than 5 degrees at the flowering stage, and freeze damage should be formed. If the shed temperature is not raised for a long time, it will affect the normal growth and development of strawberries. Generally, the low temperature flowering period is not less than 5 degrees, the high temperature is not more than 25 degrees, and the relative humidity is 70% or less.
The temperature and humidity indicators are dead and people are alive. Temperature and humidity, mature morning and evening and quality (fruit size and storage capacity) are full of contradictions. Specific to a certain greenhouse of a certain grower is ever-changing, to be flexible, to achieve coordination and unity, in order to obtain high-quality fruit Great purpose. Summarize our many years of experience, do not die hard to force a specific indicator, the temperature and humidity of the shed is comfortable for the human body.
V. Plant management
The management of strawberry plants is determined by the unique characteristics of strawberries. The unique characteristics of strawberry is that the roots of strawberry are golden, the leaves are not expensive, the roots are afraid of dryness and salt-tolerant, and the leaves promote the growth of strawberries, the temperature is suitable, and new leaves are produced constantly. The second is the rotation of the strawberry leaves, each of which is a round. The first leaf overlaps with the seventh leaf, and the seventh leaf enters the functional phase. The first leaf must enter the nutrient consumption period and must be removed. Therefore, the plant should be cleaned up. In theory, it should be six leaves, but the strawberry leaves in greenhouses grow under low temperature conditions. The leaves grow and develop for a long time, and the old leaves have long lost their function. Therefore, 4-5 leaves are generally suitable. The third is that the strawberry bouquet is a cymose or a multi-flowered cymose, the first flower (the top fruit, only one) is the largest, the second fruit is the second (two), and the third-level fruit is again (four), .... The higher the grade, the smaller the fruit, and the higher the level of the fruit, the longer it will not grow into a big fruit. It only plays a competitive role in nutrients and has no economic value. In the winter of strawberry greenhouse growth, the original light time is short, the light is insufficient, the temperature is low, the photosynthetic efficiency is low, the photosynthetic product is insufficient, and its competitiveness for photosynthetic products is much greater than that of the root system. The root system is originally under the lower soil temperature conditions in winter greenhouses. The growth and dysplasia, its presence accelerates the premature aging of the root system, premature aging of the roots, which in turn accelerates the premature senescence of the plant, forming a vicious circle, causing a reduction in production, reducing quality, and should be removed early. This is also an important reason why strawberry plants need to be cleaned. At the same time, thinning flowers and thinning fruit is also an important technical measure for the high quality and high yield of strawberry in the protected area. In the production practice, it should be applied to the specific situation and specific application. Generally, depending on the growth of the plant, 3-5 flowers (fruit) are left, and the rest of the flowers and If the fruit is completely removed, the weak plants are left 1-2, and the whole bouquet is even removed.
In the semi-promoting cultivation, after the shed and the beginning of hormone management, the entire bouquet should be removed depending on the growth of the plant. In production practice, we often find the first bunch of flowers in the open or semi-promoted cultivation of strawberry, the main stem often does not stretch, the lateral branches are elongated, the number is large but the flowers are small, hair-like, and the second bouquet is large and small. . Strawberries have the characteristics of continuous flowering continuous results. After the removal, new bouquets will be produced, and the fruit shape will be better. At the same time, the new leaves will be accelerated and the leaves will become larger, which will lay the foundation for high quality and high yield.
Another important task of plant finishing is to remove the bifurcation and implement the single main stem flowering result, which is another important technology for high quality and high yield. When the flower buds are differentiated from the flower buds, the strawberries will differentiate and produce a bifurcation. Because the shed temperature and light time are suitable for the differentiation of flower buds, these forks will differentiate flower buds, produce flower buds, and flowering results. Because the shed temperature, light, and ground temperature are insufficient to manufacture and absorb enough nutrients, support so many forks and flowers. The growth and development of the fruit causes the plant to grow poorly, the flower is small, and the fruit is small, so the quality and yield of the fruit should be removed in time.
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