Rice lodging
Symptoms During the cultivation of rice, there are often various degrees of lodging, and there are two common ones: one is lodging at the base and the other is lodging at the folds. The former is the main phenomenon of rice lodging.
The first cause is: rice lodging is related to the elliptic characteristics of the rice plant internodes. The internode cross section of rice has always been considered to be round. In fact, the rice internodes are elliptical and show a certain degree of flatness. The low internodes are flat. The rate is higher than the high level, and it is determined that the flat rate of the lodging stems is higher than that of the non-recessed stems, and is related to the lodging resistance of the nodes. The second is that the low internode length and total stem length of the fallen stem are significantly larger than the non-refused stem, which means that the longer the stem is, the lower the stem is, the easier it is to fall. The third is that the long stem axis and the short stem axis of the III and IV internodes of the plucked stem are smaller than those of the stemless stem. This result is different from the result of the previous study that showed no difference between the lodging and the non-folding stem.
The fourth is: the inflection generally occurs in the thalli internodes, that is, in the fourth quarter, and the probability of lodging in the adjacent sections III and IV is very small, so I and II sections rarely break. Fifth, the fracture occurred at the fractured joint. The trial showed that the fracture point in the third internode was located in the 13.2%-33.42% area of ​​the internode length, in the 15.71%-23.15% area in the IV section, and 13.27 in the V section. %-35.05% of the area. Based on the above results, it can be concluded that the break point is located in the lower segment of the fractured joint, which is within the 10%-30% area of ​​this joint. Although this region is only 20% of the internode length, the probability of a break occurring in this region is at least 95%. This limited 20% region is considered to be a broken region, and the break occurred in this region possibly due to sheath and stem. The result of a comprehensive effect between the festivals. Breaks occur in the direction of the short stem axis. It appears that the cause of lodging of rice is not only related to the hypothesis of low internode length and lodging, but also the importance of the flattening rate of the low internodes and the long stem axis and short stem width of the cross section to resist lodging, from breaks to joints and breaks. Observation of the position and breaking direction indicated that the fracture did not randomly occur at a certain position in a certain section, but in a specific position, some varieties were in the IV section, and some varieties were in the IV and V sections. The fracture area is limited to the region of 10% to 30% of the internode length from the inferior joint, and most of the fractures occur along the short axis of the cross-section of the joint. In addition to the above-mentioned reasons for rice itself, there are other factors such as the characteristics of rice varieties, planting density, fertilization, and meteorological conditions. The lodging is the result of their combined effects.
Control methods (1) Select 2-3 resistant lodging varieties suitable for local conditions. Such as early rice: Zhong 106, Zhongsi No. 2, E Qiza No. 1, Gui Yin 901 and other lodging-resistant varieties. Middle rice can be used in Dongnong 419, Jiashou, No. 6 Yuzheng, Xiangbao No. 3, No. 2 Guiguizhan, No. 17 Ningxian, and No. 144 cane. For late rice, Jindao 308, Jinxing No. 1, No. 14 and No. 15, Huayan 45, Liaoyuan 244, 287, Shennong 9017, Dongnong 419, Bibi 37, Ningjing No. 15, Xuefeng, can be used. Long No. 4 and other lodging-resistant varieties. (2) Adopt formula fertilization technology, apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizer rationally to prevent partial application and over-application of nitrogen fertilizer. If necessary, spray Huimanfeng (Gaomeishi), use 210-240ml per 667m2, dilute 300-500 times for water. Spraying leaves 1-2 times or to promote Fengpo II active liquid fertilizer 600-800 times. (3) Proper close planting. (4) For the direct seeding rice with lodging tendency, spray 5% of Uniconazole EC 100mg/kg at the beginning of jointing, and Zhuangfengan Rice special type can also be used, which has excellent anti-fall effect.
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