SCI medical paper writing skills

Concise SCI Journal Medical Paper Writing Manual

The first edition (September 2010) preface

The novelty and innovation of the design level of medical papers is the first way to decide whether the medical papers written can be recognized by the editors and editors of SCI Medical Journal. The logical and normative level of medical paper writing is the decision to write medicine. Whether the paper can be accepted by SCI Medical Journal as the final doorway. The language of publishing SCI journal medical papers is English. For Chinese clinicians whose mother tongue is non-English, the English language of the papers is a major difficulty. Only through these doorways and difficulties can the medical papers written be successfully published in the SCI Medical Journal.

In particular, Chinese clinicians are also engaged in scientific research in addition to busy medical work. Among them, publishing a paper in the SCI medical journal is one of the most important criteria for judging the scientific research level of clinicians.

The concise SCI journal medical paper writing manual (referred to as the manual) is intended to provide a brief and programmatic introduction to the most standardized format and basic skills of SCI journal medical paper writing. The manual is mainly written for clinicians who wish to engage in scientific research. . It is also suitable for master's and doctoral students in medical colleges. It is also helpful to other staff engaged in life science research.

It is reported that this is China's first introduction to the SCI journal medical paper writing manual (first edition), it is inevitable to hang a leak, hope that readers will not teach (). After we get feedback from readers, we will further update and refine the reprint manual.

table of Contents

First, the Science Citation Index (SCI) basics

Second, Impact factor (IF) basic knowledge

Third, the SCI journal medical paper brief

Fourth, the various theories of medical papers in SCI journals

1, title (Title)

2, Abstract (Abstract)

3. Introduction (Introduction)

4, Experiments and methods (Experiments and methods)

5, results (Results)

6, discussion (Discussion)

7. Acknowledgements

8, References (References)

9, Figure Description (Figure Legends)

First, the basic knowledge of ScienceCitation Index (SCI)

1. Science Citation Index (SCI)

In 1873, the famous Shepard's reference was one of the methods of normative citation. In 1960, Eugene Garfield's Institute of Scientific Information published the first citation index paper in the journal. The citation index was first applied to the Citation Index (SCI) and then extended to the Social Science Citation Index (SSCI). And the Arts and Humanities Citation Index (AHCI). As of 2006, there have been many other data sources, such as Google Scholar, which have focused on overstating information by covering the basic data of 3,700 world-leading scientific journals in 100 disciplines.

In 1960, the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) produced SCI, which is currently owned by Thomson, USA. The online Science Citation Index (Enhanced Science Citation Index) covers 6400 of the world's leading scientific and technical journals, the vast majority of which are English journals. Users can use these resources online through the Science Database Network in the Knowledge Network. (The CD-ROM and print-covered journals are less than the online version). Through the online version of the database, users can retrieve any particular paper cited by subsequent papers, or any particular author's papers can be cited, and even know which is the most frequently cited paper. (The amount paid by the library determines the number of years that its users actually use the online scientific citation index).

2. Development history

In 1965, in a classic paper, Derek J. de SollaPrice elaborated on the intrinsic characteristics of SCI as a network of scientific papers. When the SCI begins to be published on the Internet, there is a dynamic relationship between citations and citations. In 1972, social science citation index became one of the first databases to be loaded into the dialogue system. With the development of CD-ROMs, the connection between the network and the paper search has become more compact, and by using the bibliographic coupling (MMKessler) it is possible to find the relevant related records. In 1973, HenrySmall published a classic book on joint citation analysis. Co-citation analysis is a self-organizing classification system that leads the document clustering experiment and eventually forms a scientific atlas, which is later called scientific research review.

SCI also issued a catalogue document that publishes the title of the journal, called the SDI, which regularly updates the literature search on a personalized demand-oriented basis, and follows the literature development through extensive use of the service. process. In 1965, the combination of SDI and SCI enabled the citation reference to be completed for the first time through an automated topic citation, which prompted the ISI personal electronic version; and, currently, almost all literature databases and most electronic journals have this function. SCI/SSCI includes not only traditional natural language searches, but also author and citation retrieval. Therefore, users can search for any new paper by author, paper or book reference. A personalized catalog page can be obtained by using the magazine name.

In 1965, Ralph Garner of Drexel University described the intrinsic characteristics of academic papers and the inherent graphical topological nature of global citation networks. In the early 19th century, journals were classified by citation. The current scientific journal system measurement method is a measurement system for scientific journals initiated by Eugene Garfield of the Institute of Scientific Information. The number of citations is used to rank journals, and the first to use these The measurement method ranks authors and papers. In a landmark paper in 1965, Garfield and IrvingSher described the correlation between citation frequency and excellence by studying a series of Nobel and other award papers, for example, Nobel Prize winners. The number of published papers is 5 times the average, and their papers are quoted at a frequency that is 30 to 50 times the average. Impact factor is a commonly used method to measure the influence of journals. The number of citations of all articles in the first two years of a journal is the influence factor of the journal in the previous two years. This type of measurement is widely used for specific purposes, but it is also controversial to rank authors or papers by this method alone.

In 1964, in the early research on DNA development, through the citation analysis, Garfield and Sher began the research and development of historical materials compilation, which is the most important course in the history of science. This work was later carried out by E. Garfield, AIPudovkin of the Institute of Marine Biology, the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Teaching Center, Istomin and Washington State University, and successfully developed the HistCite software in 2002.

In 1998, Giles, Lawrence and Bollacker launched independent citation indexes and enabled automatic extraction and combination algorithms for any digital academic and scientific literature references. Previous citations are a manual process and are only available to specific organizations, such as the CIA. Now, ordinary users can also use any computer to carry out citation extraction in any academic field, scientific field, and literature field. This leads to the need to establish a new public system and automatic citation index. The earliest automatic citation index is CiteSeer (later CiteSeerX, Cora). ), the latest is Rexa. These automatic citation indexes are mainly concentrated in the fields of computer and information science, but they have all been replaced by large-scale academic domain citation systems, such as Google Scholar and previous Microsoft academics. After careful sampling and statistics, this self-cited citation index has about 10% error rate, so it is not perfect in citation cluster extraction. This has led to the misunderstanding of a large number of academic works such as Ann Arbor, Milton Keynes and Walton Hall. At the same time, it should be noted that SCI aims to create an automatic citation index with a similar degree of error through purely procedural methods and even previous records.

Third, the SCI journal medical paper brief

The main components of SCI journal medical papers: Title, Abstract, Introduction, Experiments and Methods, Results, Discussion, Acknowledgements, References ( References), figure description (FigureLegends) and so on. Various SCI journals have slightly different main components of medical papers.

For Chinese clinicians, in the process of research work and writing medical papers of SCI journals, the following three difficulties determine whether medical papers written by Chinese clinicians engaged in scientific research can be accepted by the editors and editors of SCI journals. Finally, published medical papers in SCI journals.

The first major difficulty: whether the design level of medical papers in SCI journals is novel and innovative, and whether the medical papers written can be recognized by the editors and editors of SCI Medical Journal.

The second major difficulty: whether the level of medical paper writing in SCI journals is logical and normative, and whether the medical papers submitted can be accepted by SCI Medical Journal.

The third major difficulty: whether the language level of medical papers in SCI journals reaches the native language of English, and whether the medical papers reviewed can be finally published in SCI journals.

Fourth, the SCI journal medical papers

1. SCI Journal Medical Paper Title (Title)

It can be a complete sentence or a non-complete sentence.

The complete title sentence, the underlined part is a verb.

E.g:

C1 inhibitor prevents endotoxin shock via a direct interaction with lipopolysaccharide (From Journal of Immunology).

Incomplete title sentences, mainly without verbs.

E.g:

C1 inhibitor-mediated protection from sepsis. (From Journal ofImmunology)

2, abstract (Abstract)

SCI journal medical paper abstract is a general summary of medical research projects, generally only one paragraph, about 200-250 words. The summary content consists of the following four parts.

Part I: Introduction and questioning: It is generally summarized by 1-2 sentences, expounding the accepted conclusions and closely related to this medical research project, and proposing unresolved problems or issues that need further exploration.

E.g:

C1 inhibitor (C1INH) is beneficial in animal models of endotoxemia and sepsis. However, the mechanism(s) of C1INHprotection remain(s) ill-defined . (From Journal ofImmunology)

The second part: the purpose and propose the program: generally summarized by one sentence, the main purpose and solution of this medical research.

E.g:

To further characterize the potential LPS-binding site(s)within the amino-terminal domain, mutations were introduced into C1INH at the three N-linked glycosylation sites and at the four positively charged amino acid residues. (From Infection and Immunity)

The third part: the results of layered display: summed up by 5-7 sentences, the results are gradually and concisely summarized, or the main methods and experimental approaches are introduced in the sentences describing the results. The hierarchical description can be from animal → cell → molecule, molecule → cell → animal, or cell → molecule → animal.

For example (animal → cell → molecule):

In this study, we demonstrate that both active C1INH andreactive center-cleaved, inactive C1INH protected mice fromlethal Gram-negative endotoxemia. Both formsof C1INH blocked the LPS-binding protein-dependent binding of Salmonella typhimurium LPS to the murine macrophage cellline, RAW 264.7, And inhibited LPS-induced TNF-a mRNA expression. Inhibition of LPS binding to RAW264.7 cells was reversed with anti-C1INH Ab and was more efficientwhen C1INH was incubated first with LPS rather than the cells. C1INH also suppressed LPS-induced up- Regulation of TNF-a mRNA inwhole human blood. The interaction of C1INHwith LPS was directly demonstrated both by ELISA and by non-denaturing PAGE, but deletion of the amino-terminal 97-aaresidues abrogated this binding. (From Journal of Immunology)

For example (mole → cell → animal):

In this study, we first identified that a cleaved fragmentwithin the major part of the amino-terminal domain in invitro proteolytic analysis of C1INH had an ability to bind toLPS. We synthesized several peptides overlappingthe C1INH cleaved fragment. Among these syntheticpeptides, a 13-mer Derived peptide at position to 18 to 30,named N2(18–30), exhibited the most powerful anti-endotoxinactivity in vitro , enlightening that it was most strong atbinding to LPS, inhibiting the interaction of LPS with LPS-binding protein (LBP), Blocking LPS binding to CD14+ cells , andsuppressing production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a by murinemacrophages, RAW 264.7. In the murineendotoxin shock model , the peptide N2 (18–30) protected micefrom LPS-induced lethal septic shock by inhibiting macrophageactivation. (Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications)

The fourth part: draw conclusions and propose goals: summarize by 1-2 sentences, summarize the whole results is an overview, and imagine the significance of medical research based on the results.

E.g:

Thus, their studies demonstrate that C1INH, inaddition to its role in suppression of LPS-mediated macrophageactivation, may play an important role in the prevention of LPS-mediated increased vascular permeability, endothelial cellinjury, and multiple organ failure. (FromBlood)

3. Introduction (Introduction)

The introduction to SCI journal medical papers is primarily written around the keywords of the title. There are generally 3-5 paragraphs. The first paragraph is mainly a general description of the keywords around the title, and the last paragraph is a general summary of the medical papers of SCI journals.

E.g:

The title is C1 inhibitor prevents endotoxin shock via adirect interaction with lipopolysaccharide

The introduction to SCI medical papers can basically consist of the following paragraphs:

The first paragraph: describes the medical biological function of gram negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide and its relationship with Endotoxin shock.

E.g:

Lipopolysaccharide is a major constituent of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and is a key molecule in the pathogenesis of Gram-negative endotoxemia, sepsis, and septicshock (1). Gram-negative endotoxemia isaccompanied by contact system activation, complement activation, production of cytokines LPS activatesmononuclear phagocytes to produce and release inflammatorymediators, of which TNF-a appears to be very important for the development of endotoxin shock (4). LPS interacts with theLPS-binding protein (LBP) (4) and transfers LPS to CD14 (5–8). The formation of LPS-CD14 complexes initiates intracellular signaling by binding to Toll-like receptors expressedon mononuclear phagocytes and other cells (9). When pure LPS or bacterial outer membrane fragments are Injectioninto the bloodstream, a large fraction of the LPS is cleared by theliver within 10 min (10, 11), while most of the remaining LPSbinds rapidly to plas Ma proteins, such as lipoproteins, whichinhibit its biologic activity (12–15). (From Journal ofImmunology)

The second paragraph: Describes the conclusion that has been concluded that the medical biological function of C1 inhibitor and its relationship with inflammation.

E.g:

C1 inhibitor (C1INH) is the only inhibitor of the classical complement pathway proteases, C1r and C1s (16), and isthe major inhibitor of factor XII and prekallikrein of the contact system (17, 18). The complement system has beenimplicated in both the pathogenesis of And the protection of the endotoxin shock (19). The contact system also appears to play a role in the mediation of septic shock (20). Levels of proteolytically inactivated C1INH are increased in fatal septicshock, which suggests an increased turnover and a relativesecondary deficiency of biologically Active C1INH (21). C1INH canbe inactivated by limited proteolytic cleavage by elastase releasedfrom activated neutrophils (19, 22). The inactivation of C1INH mayoccur locally in inflamed tissue and after contribute toincreased local complement activation (22). Thedirect biologic effects, if any , of inactivated C1INH remainunknown. Therapy with C1INH has been shown toimprove outcome in several animal models of sepsis (19,23–27). In Addition, preliminary data suggest that C1INH may havebeneficial effects in septic shock in humans(19). (From Journal of Immunology)

Paragraph 3: Describe the summary results that have been obtained from this SCI medical paper.

E.g:

In this study, we demonstrate that native, active C1INHand reactive center-cleaved, inactive C1INH (iC1INH) protected micefrom lethal Gram-negative endotoxemia. Thisprotection was associated with inhibition of LPS-triggeredmacrophage expression of TNF-a mRNA. further, C1INH interacts with LPS, and this binding appears to be a function of the amino-terminal mucin domain of the protein. These data provideevidence that C1INH, in addition to its function as a serineprotease inhibitor, serves as an anti-inflammatory effector viathis new mechanism. (From Journal ofImmunology)

4, experiments and methods (Experiments and methods)

Part of the experiments and methods of SCI journal medical papers is to present the main experiments and methods that have been used. Each experimental method is a paragraph, and the paragraph level is based on the result level. If the experimental method has a quotation, this experimental method only needs to be described concisely.

Quantification of F-actin pool by spectrofluorometry

F-actin in HUVECs was measured by spectrofluorometry as described ( Chakravortty et al., 2000 ). HUVECs (1×10 ⁵ cells/well) were seeded in 12-well plates in 1ml of endothelialcell medium for 48 h. The cells were incubated with LPS (1 μg/ml) in the presence of iC1INH (100–150 mg/ml) or C1INH (100–150 μg/ml) for 6 h. After washing in buffer A (75 mM KCl, 3 mM MgSO4, 1 mM EGTA, 1 mM imidazole , the cells were fixed with 3.7% formaldehyde for 15 min. The cells were permeabilized with Buffer A containing 0.1% Triton X-100 for 5 min, stained with N-phallicidin (, 0.2 mM dithiothreitol, 10 μg/mlaprotinin, and 0.1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride) 0.3μmol) for 20 min, andextracted with methanol at −20 â—¦C overnight. Extracts were harvested into cuvettes. Fluorescence was measured at a 465 nm and 535 nmemission and expressed in arbitrary fluorescence units (AFU) permilligram of total cell protein. (From Molecular Immunology)

It is necessary to list the main reagents as a paragraph and put them in the first paragraph. The main reagents such as cell lines, antibodies, animals, etc. should be listed in brackets for the company, location or country.

E.g

C1INH was obtained from Advanced Research Technologies (SanDiego, CA) . LPS from Salmonella typhimurium , fluoresceinisothiocyanate (FITC)–conjugated LPS from Salmonellatyphimurium , Chicago sky blue dye 60B, and Evans blue dye werepurchased from Sigma Chemical (St Louis, MO) . Apoptotic DNA Ladder Kit waspurchased from Roche Diagnostics (Indianapolis, IN) . (From Blood)

5, results (Results)

The results of SCI journal medical papers generally have 3-5 sub-headings. The main content of each paragraph consists of four parts: introduction, goal and means to achieve the goal, description of the result, summary of conclusions. The complete basic structure is similar to the abstract.

Introduction: Explain the conclusions that others have confirmed and recognized to be closely related to this medical research project; to state their own conclusions that have been consistent with previous original results or confirmed to be closely related to this medical research project.

E.g:

The binding of LPS or LPA to LPS-binding proteins is dependent on the interaction of the phosphate groups on LPA with specific positively charged residues within the protein (13,15, 22, 25, 33, 47, 49, 55). We previouslydemonstrated that in The case of C1INH both N-linkedglycosylation and its amino-terminal domain are required for its interaction with LPS (28, 29). (Infection andImmunity)

Goals and means to achieve them: A general description of the main objectives and solutions.

E.g:

To determine whether C1INH blocked LPS-induced endothelial barrier disruption and plasma leakage, weinvestigated in vitro transendothelial flux in response to LPSin the presence and absence of C1INH. (FromBlood)

Description of results: A step-by-step description of the results, introducing the main methods and experimental approaches used in the sentences describing the results.

E.g:

C57BL/6J mice were injected with a lethal dose of LPS (20mg/kg), either in the presence or absence of C1INH (200μgintraperitoneally). Vascular permeability wasevaluated 5 hours after a lethal dose of LPS administration. Challenge with LPS resulted in approximately 10 -, 5-, 2-, and 4-fold increases in the microvascular permeability index inlungs, heart, liver, and intestine, respectively. Treatment with C1INH resulted in significant reduction ofpermeability in the lung, heart, and intestine (Figure7). From Blood)

Summary of conclusions: A summary of the overall results is an overview.

E.g:

These studies indicate that C1INH suppresses LPS-induced microvascular permeability in multiple organs. (From Blood)

6, discussion (Discussion)

The discussion of SCI journal medical papers is based on the results that have been obtained, and is closely related to the keywords of the title for writing.

E.g:

When the title is C1 inhibitor prevents endotoxin shock via a direct interaction with lipopolysaccharide

When the result is (1) C1INH protection from lethal endotoxinshock; (2) C1INH blocks LPS binding to macrophages; (3) Interaction of C1INH with LPS; (4) The C1INHamino-terminal domain is responsible for the interaction with LPS.

The paragraphs and content for writing the discussion can be:

The first paragraph: mainly describes the relationship between C1INH and Endotoxin shock

The second paragraph: mainly describes the biological function of LPS and the effect of C1INH on LPS

The third paragraph: mainly describes the relationship between C1INH molecules and LPS molecules

The fourth paragraph: mainly describes the relationship between C1INH and Endotoxin shock without biological activity.

The fifth paragraph: mainly describes the impact of other possible factors on the relationship between C1INH and LPS

Section 6: Mainly describes the relationship between C1INH structure and biological function and LPS

Seventh paragraph: The main summary summary.

7. Acknowledgements

There are several ways to acknowledge the medical papers of SCI journals, such as:

● This work was supported by US Public Health Service GrantsHDXXXXX and AIXXXXX from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.

● We thank Dr. Chester Waxman and Dr. Eileen Birdwell-O'Donnell for critical review of this manuscript.

● We thank Dr. David J. Brown for preliminary RNase H digestionexperiments.

● Portions of this work were presented at the 19th InternationalComplement Workshop, September 22–26, 2002, Palermo, Italy.

8, References (References)

In the process of writing references for SCI journal medical papers, the focus is on the introduction of the Information for Author or Author Instructions for each SCI journal. Reference sources mainly refer to magazines, conference materials, and published books.

Quote magazines, for example:

● Poltorak, A., X. He, I. Smirnova, MY Liu, C. van Huffel, X. Du, D. Birdwell, E. Alejos, M. Silva, C. Galanos 1998. Defective LPSsignaling in C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScCr mice: mutations in the Tlr4 gene. Science 282:2085. (From Journalof Immunology)

● Goldblum SE, Brann TW, Ding X, Pugin J, and Tobias PS. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein and soluble CD14 functionas accessory molecules for LPS-induced changes in endothelial barrier function, in vitro. J Clin Invest. 1994; 692-702. (FromBlood)

Meeting materials, such as:

● Schapira, M., Scott CF, and Colman RW. 2002 Contribution of plasmaprotease inhibitors to the inactivation of kallikrein in plasma. The 19th International Complement Workshop, Palermo, Italy.

Citing published books, for example:

• Strobel HW, Hodgson AV, and Shen S 1995 NADPH cytochrome P450reductase and its structural and functional domains, in Cytochrome P450: Structure, Mechanism, and Biochemistry (Ortiz de MontellanoPR ed) pp 225–244, Plenum Press, New York.

9, Figure Description (Figure Legends)

The diagram description of the SCI journal medical paper generally has a subtitle, which can be sub-headings such as A..., B..., C... according to the specific content of the description. Describe the content and meaning of the graph with very concise, accurate complete sentences or non-complete sentences, and list the experimental methods.

E.g:

FIGURE 6 The effect of recombinant truncated C1INH on LPSbinding. A, Recombinant truncated C1INH (50μg / ml) had greatly reduced binding to LPS (175 ng / ml) as assessed by ELISA. B, FITC-conjugated LPS (175 ng / ml) Binding to RAW 264.7 macrophages was not inhibited with recombinant truncated C1INH (50 μg/ml; LPS binding, thick line; control, shadedfield). C , LPS (10 and 20 μg) clearly altered theelectrophoretic mobility of recombinant full-length C1INH (40 μg/ Ml ) as measured by native PAGE/Western blot ( lanes1 and 2 ). D , LPS (10 and 20 μg) did notchange the electrophoretic mobility of recombinant truncated C1INH (50 μg/ml) as detected by native PAGE/Western blot ( lanes1 And 2 ). (From Journal ofImmunology)