Suspension fertilizer encyclopedia What are the advantages of suspended fertilizer?
Fertilizer can only be absorbed when it reaches the root surface. Usually the nutrients reach the root surface mainly through the two processes of mass flow and diffusion. Both processes are inseparable from water as a medium. In general, fertilizer must be dissolved in water to be absorbed by the roots. Therefore, soil moisture conditions or irrigation conditions must be considered when fertilizing, otherwise good fertilizers will not work. Water and fertilizer integration technology is a comprehensive technology of combined application of water and fertilizer. In agricultural developed countries, especially the landscape gardening industry, most of the fertilizer is applied through irrigation systems.
The development of water and fertilizer integration technology is inseparable from two aspects, one is irrigation equipment, and the other is water-soluble fertilizer. In developed countries, liquid fertilizers account for a higher proportion than solid water soluble fertilizers. Israel, the most popular water and fertilizer integration technology, the application of field greenhouses is basically liquid fertilizer. The liquid fertilizer is simple to produce, the formula is easy to adjust, the dissolution is fast, the use is convenient, and the nutrient utilization rate is high, which is an ideal choice for the fertilizer used in the irrigation system.
In order to greatly improve the nutrient content of liquid fertilizers, make full use of various fertilizer raw materials, reduce transportation costs, and increase transportation distance, the United States developed suspended liquid fertilizers in the 1960s and rapidly industrialized them.
US liquid fertilizer plant scene
As a highly concentrated liquid fertilizer, suspended fertilizer is a late product of liquid fertilizer, which constitutes two major types of liquid fertilizer with clear fertilizer. The clear, transparent or translucent appearance is called clear liquid fertilizer. The clear liquid fertilizer has many advantages of liquid fertilizer, but the clear liquid fertilizer also has the disadvantage of low nutrient content. Low nutrient content limits the transport distance of clear fertilizer. Generally, clear liquid fertilizers are applied near the distribution.
In order to solve the problem of low nutrient content of the clear liquid fertilizer and expand the transportation distance of the liquid fertilizer, a suspended liquid fertilizer is produced. Suspended liquid fertilizer is a highly concentrated liquid fertilizer that has a much higher nutrient content than clear liquid fertilizer.
The total nutrient content can reach 35~45%, or even higher, and it can be similar to the nutrient content of the general granular compound fertilizer. This greatly reduces the transportation cost of the liquid fertilizer of the same amount of nutrients, making it possible to transport liquid fertilizer over long distances. The production of suspended fertilizer has greatly promoted the development of the liquid fertilizer industry.
Principle of suspended fertilizer
The nutrient content of suspended fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O) can be greater than 40% (depending on the crop soil), other nutrients are added according to the actual situation (mainly medium-quantity elements, trace elements, other active substances), generally The content does not exceed 5%.
Usually the suspension is adjusted to be slightly acidic, the viscosity ranges from 700 to 900 centipoise, and the average particle size of the particles is less than 5 microns. It does not crystallize above -5 °C, does not delaminate after 10 days, and does not exceed 4 cm in 3 months. After stratification, the agitation can restore the uniform suspension state. Mix with any ratio of water to a uniform state.
Suspended fertilizer is a suspension of various nutrients in a saturated solution of fertilizer by means of a suspending agent. The particles of nutrients or other active ingredients are not in a dissolved state. The various components are evenly distributed throughout the gel without sedimentation and delamination.
The comb-shaped polymer dispersant has an ultra-long hydrophobic main chain and a plurality of hydrophilic branches. The hydrophilic group adsorbs on the surface of the nutrient crystal, and the hydrophobic group forms a hydrophobic film on the surface of the crystal to form a stable crystal group. Inter-resistance is caused by the hydrophobic group factor, which produces a steric hindrance to the proximity of the nutrient crystal. The suspended fertilizer adopts the space action suspension technology to ensure the stability, uniformity and non-disintegration of the suspended particles.
Crystal stable suspension
The core material for suspended fertilizers is a suspending agent. The commonly used suspending agent is a clay-based substance, which is shear-stirred in a suspension fertilizer solution, so that the insoluble fine particles are kept in suspension in the suspension liquid phase, and the suspension agent makes the suspension in a gel state and has a high viscosity. Clay suspensions are insoluble in water. Suspension fertilizers produced by the use of clay suspensions can be used as base fertilizers or spray irrigation, but not for drip irrigation.
In order to apply suspended fertilizer in drip irrigation, a water-soluble suspending agent must be used. Some polymer polymers (such as gums, gelatin, polysaccharides, etc.) are commonly used.
The suspending agents used in commercial applications abroad mainly include attapulgite, sepiolite, attapulgite and polysaccharides. The formation of a stable suspension is related to the type of suspending agent, the amount to be sheared, the gel characteristics, the fertilizer raw material, impurities in the raw material, and the like. Usually, the suspension is first added with water to prepare a pregel, and a pregel is added during the mixing of the materials.
Development and production of suspended liquid fertilizer
Due to the promotion of pipeline irrigation technology, liquid fertilizer has been widely used in many agricultural developed countries. In recent years, China's liquid fertilizer industry has followed the development trend and has developed rapidly with the vigorous promotion of experts, technicians and government enterprises. In the orchards and vegetable fields in South China, many growers are applying water and fertilizer integration technologies. The topdressing of vegetable plots and orchards is basically water and fertilizer.
In the orchard, they built a manure pool, poured chicken manure, peanut bran and other organic fertilizers, urea, granule compound fertilizer, etc. into the fertilizer pond, dissolved it, then sucked the hose through the submersible pump, and carried out the tree by artificial tow. Water and fertilizer. In the vegetable field, urea or compound fertilizer (mainly soluble granule compound fertilizer) is placed in a plastic bucket to be soaked and dissolved, and then manually applied or dripped.
With this simple approach, growers have been able to appreciate the benefits of integrated water and fertilizer technology. If the fertilizer effect is fast, the amount of fertilizer used is small. But their troubles are that they need to spend a lot of energy to dissolve the fertilizer. If there is a supply of water-soluble liquid or solid water soluble fertilizer on the market, this will be the type of fertilizer that farmers love. In addition, the irrigation area of ​​facilities in China is also growing, and there is a huge demand for water-soluble fertilizers.
At present, there are two main series of suspension fertilizers in the market: organic-inorganic composite and pure inorganic. Both types of fertilizers can be stratified at temperatures above 5 °C, without agglomeration, full water solubility, and easy to flow. Formulations such as high nitrogen, high phosphorus, and high potassium can be formulated according to crop growth requirements. The organic-inorganic composite type currently has a large nutrient fraction of 33-35%, trace elements of 0.5%, organic matter (mainly amino acids, fulvic acid, etc.) 10%; inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content of 41 to 43%, and trace elements of 0.5%.
The trial of drip irrigation system on vegetables, potatoes and other crops shows that the suspended liquid fertilizer has high efficiency, rapid dissolution and does not block the filter. Of course, suspended liquid fertilizer can also be applied as a fertilizer. The recommended dilution factor is currently 250 to 300 times.
Application and development of suspended fertilizer
Suspension fertilizer has been used in large scale in the United States, with an annual consumption of more than 2 million tons of suspended fertilizer. The technology and equipment are relatively mature, especially with supporting transportation and application equipment. A considerable portion of the suspended fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer. Applying lime to improve soil acidity is a very effective measure. But the process of applying lime is very hard and the dust is flying. In the United States in the 1980s, suspended liquid lime was developed and mechanically applied to the soil during land preparation to overcome the shortage of application.
There are some suspension products sold abroad in China, such as suspended magnesium and suspended zinc. There are also domestic manufacturers producing high concentrations of organic-inorganic composite suspended fertilizer. Field application shows that suspended liquid fertilizers based on NPK can completely replace solid fertilizers for top dressing. Especially in small vegetable farms, combined with irrigation, suspended fertilizer is a good choice. Source: South China Agricultural University Crop Nutrition and Fertilization Research Office
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