Taihe toon open cultivation technology

Environmental requirements

1.1 soil

The Taihe production base is mainly distributed in the sand and silt combined soil and the small towns with a small amount of sand alluvial in the floodplain along the banks of the Jinghe River. Planting experience shows that Toona sinensis is highly adaptable to the soil, but with deep soil layers, calcium-rich, fertile blue sandy soil, dual soil, sandy loam *, followed by silt, black soil growth is poor.

1.2 Climate

Toon is an endemic tree species in temperate and subtropical regions of China. It is warm and cold-resistant. Can grow in areas with an average temperature of 8-12 ° C. Annual young plants are frozen at -10 ° C, and mature trees can safely overwinter at -20 ° C. The bud growth of Chunchun is at a suitable temperature of 15-20 ℃, and the growth is stopped above 35 ℃. The annual precipitation along the Jinghe River in Taihe County is 825mm, which is higher than the county's average annual rainfall (797.2mm). The precipitation during the growing period of spring buds (March to May) is 51.1, 69.2, 74.1mm, and the total annual radiation is 535.3kJ / cm2, the radiation from March to May is 149.8kJ / cm2, and the annual sunshine hours are 2444.3h, which can meet the needs of Toona sinensis growth.

2. Variety selection

Taihe Toona sinensis is rich in resources. The varieties to choose from are Red Youchun, Black Youchun, Qingyouchun, Yongchun, Mierhong, Huangluo Umbrella, Red Maochun, Chaigouzi, Green Maochun, etc. Oil Toon * [1-2].

3. Select strong seedlings

High-quality and robust toon seedlings are the basis for high-quality and high-yield. The specific criteria are: full and full buds, no mechanical damage; thick, uniform, and plentiful stems, obvious pores, large leaf marks, uniform internodes, slightly longer springs and shorter autumns; a developed root system with thick main lateral roots. 3— 4 strips, well-distributed, root width not less than 30-60cm; roots and stems of seeding seedlings are 1.0-2.5cm thick and about 1.0m in height; no pests and diseases and freezing damage.

4. Site preparation

Select the land with flat terrain, sufficient water source, deep soil layer, convenient drainage and irrigation, leeward sun, sufficient light and good soil quality for deep turning, raking and trimming. Apply no less than 75t / hm2 of cooked organic fertilizer, no less than 1500kg / hm2 of superphosphate, and 375kg / hm2 of urea. Spread it thoroughly and plow the ground and pour enough water to make the soil moist, loose, deep, Fertile, slightly acidic or slightly alkaline (soil alkalinity is pH 5.5-8.0).

5. Cultivation and management

Planting should be performed during the dormant period before germination, that is, planting in March-April each year is appropriate. The plant spacing is 40cm × 50cm, and the number of seedlings to be protected is about 45,000 plants / hm2. The planting depth is the same as that of the original seedlings. The seedlings are arranged side by side and the soil is buried according to the row spacing. The thickness of the buried soil can be slightly thicker than the original soil of the root neck, and then watered once.

Taihe County has an average annual rainfall of 797.2mm. Generally speaking, there is less in the first half and more in the second half. Therefore, the soil should be kept dry and wet from March to July. When there is no rain, water it once a week or so, and arrange fertilization reasonably during watering (that is, topdressing three times between April and July, each time 150-300kg / hm2), and cultivating loose soil in time.

Plants growing on good texture loam and plants with normal fertilizer and water management in the early and middle stages will cause severe dry shoots if excessive fertilizer and water are in the later stage. Because according to the normal growth condition of Toona sinensis, seedlings should basically stop growing before September, and excessive fertilizer and water in the later period will stimulate the plant to continue to grow, so that the plant will still have a strong growth potential, which will cause the seedlings to become "greedy", with branches and buds Buds cannot accumulate more nutrients in a timely manner and affect their fullness. Therefore, after July, the ditch should be cleared and drained in time to prevent waterlogging.

6. Disease, pest and weed control

Follow the plant protection policy of "prevention-oriented, comprehensive control" and adhere to the principle of harmless control of "agricultural control, physical control, biological control, supplemented by chemical control". Weeding as much as possible by hand, eradicating and destroying diseased seedlings, trapping with sweet and sour liquid and light, and capturing by hand. To control red spiders, spray with 3,000 times of 20% mite EC and 1500 times of 5% stuck EC; control green thorn moths, bridge-building insects, and poisonous moths, use 800% of 48% Lesbon EC, 20% rice Spray 1500 times liquid, 1000 times liquid 1% insecticide, 3000 times liquid 4.5% beta-cypermethrin EC. To prevent powdery mildew and rust, use 15% trifilenone (fenruin) wettable powder 800 times liquid, or 25% fenruen wettable powder 1000 times liquid spray. When the diseases and insects are serious, spray the second time 10-15 days after the first spray. To prevent and control the Monochamus alternatus and Toon spotted cockroach, use a syringe to inject 800-1000 times of dichlorvos EC into the wormhole, and then seal with yellow mud.

7. Harvest

The harvest of Chunya Bu is strong and demanding, with strict requirements. It is usually harvested twice. The first spring buds were harvested 2-5d before the rain. At this time, the buds were tender, rich in flavor, high in quality, high in value, but low in yield. The second harvest was carried out 5-7 days after Guyu. At this time, the yield of spring buds was high, the quality was a little bit, and the value was lower than that of the first buds. The newly planted toon is harvested twice more, and it can be harvested 2-3 times a year after 3 years, and the output is also increased accordingly. When harvesting, try not to pinch with your hands. Use scissors, tall branches or sickle to cut. Harvesting should be carried out in the morning and evening, that is, before sunrise, dew on the buds and after 17:00.

At the first harvest, two compound leaves should be left at the base of the bud, and at the second harvest, two to three compound leaves should be left at the side. After the side buds are started to be harvested, a part of the side buds need to be left uncollected, so that they can grow into auxiliary nursery branches to maintain the tree body and restore the tree vigor. After 3 years, both top and side shoots can be harvested. Apply 225kg / hm2 of compound fertilizer before and after each harvest. After toon harvest, put it in a food bag according to the specifications of 100-200g / put and seal. For temporary storage, you can discharge the buds in a cool cellar or a room at 0-10 ° C. Do not store them in storage. They should be placed in a cold freezer at 0-1 ° C to prevent heat and defoliation.

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