Technical Points for Returning Corn Straw
The benefits of straw returning are many. Corn stalk returning can not only increase soil organic matter, but also improve the soil pellet structure of corn, fertilize the land, enhance the water retention and fertilizer retention, save manpower and increase efficiency.
The implementation of corn mechanical straw returning for 2-3 consecutive years can increase soil organic matter content by 0.15-0.2%, increase available phosphorus 33-45%, rapidly increase potassium content by 25-30%, increase nitrogen content by 1.06%, and generally increase yield per unit of 20- 30%, thus reducing the amount of fertilizer used, reducing agricultural non-point source pollution and soil pollution, and improving the quality of agricultural products.
Technical points:
1. Picking: When the corn is fully ripe, pick the panicles in time and take them off together with the loquat leaves. After avoiding cutting down the straw and picking the panicle, the straw will not turn yellow and dry in the field, resulting in poor crushing effect and not easy to rot.
2. Crushing: After picking the ears, crushing operations should be carried out in time. When operating, adjust the tractor's working speed and stubble height. Beware of missing cuts and blades.
3, increase nitrogen fertilizer: soil microorganisms in the decomposition of crop straw, the need for a certain amount of nitrogen, prone to compete with crop seedlings in the soil available nitrogen phenomenon. Therefore, it is necessary to add nitrogen fertilizer at a rate of 10 kg of ammonium bicarbonate per 100 kg of straw to accelerate straw rot.
4. Rotary tillage or tiller: After the straw is crushed, it is necessary to use a heavy-duty disc harrow twice to further chop the straw and root pods. After the rake is hauled, it should be promptly deep-turned and capped to protect the smashed soil. The fertilizer is mixed with the soil and distributed in 3-10 cm of soil. It is necessary to make sure that it is not leaked or covered so that it will not be lost or lost. After ploughing, it should be flattened to facilitate sowing.
5, enough to return to the field: straw returned to the field, because the straw itself absorb water and microbial decomposition of water, will reduce the soil moisture content. Therefore, timely watering is required to accelerate the sinking of the soil and promote close contact between the straw and the soil to prevent overhead.
6. The quantity of returning field should be suitable: The quantity of straw returned should be determined according to the water source and farming conditions. In principle, it should be ensured that the straw in the field is fully rotted in the same year and does not affect the ploughing tillage. It is appropriate to use 300-400 kilograms of straw per acre. , too much will harm the growth of the roots of the glutinous wheat.
7. Prevention of pest and disease transmission: When straw is returned to the field, it is necessary to use well-grown straw and do not return fields with pests and diseases to control the number of pests in the following year and the primary source of the disease.
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