The Technology and Pest Control of Coprinus comatus in Bed

Coprinus comatus, also known as Coprinus comatus, is an emerging edible mushroom variety. The cultivation time in Shandong Province is March in March and autumn in August and September. The cultivation methods are various. Now we introduce the technology of bed planting. .

First, the material

Strains: special white 33 (Jiangyou Gaoyou) original varieties and other disease-resistant varieties, cultivated species homemade.

Cultivation materials formula: cottonseed husk 46%, corn core 42%, phosphate fertilizer 1% a, wheat bran 10%, quicklime powder 3%, ternary compound fertilizer 2%, gypsum 2%, material-water ratio 1:13 (volume ratio ) Fermented as usual for 1 week.

Second, homemade bed frame and mushroom

A bamboo bed, wooden stick, wooden board, etc. is used to form a bed frame with a width of 1.2 meters, a spacing of about 50 cm, and a length of about 10 meters in a greenhouse.

Choose 26cm 35cm 0.005cm polypropylene plastic bag. Disinfect with Venus disinfectant 200 times for 1 minute and then remove. The bacteria will be sorted into peanuts. Spread out. Wait until the temperature falls below 30°C. In the fashion bag, 3 layers of bacteria are 2 layers, ie, 2 bags of 2 layers. In the middle, one layer of seed, two kinds of material outside the species, about 25 centimeters in length, each bag of about 1 kilogram, a total of 1,000 bags. The amount of bacteria used was 15% of the dry material. The packed bag was placed on a bed frame in the shed to grow bacteria.

After the mycelium began to eat, needles were used to circle dozens of small holes around the three-layer strain to facilitate oxygenation. Hyphae covered all bags in about 20 days.

The mycelium bag with mycelium is placed on the bedstead and the bag is opened and raised, then the cover is about 3cm thick. Cover a layer of plastic film to facilitate heat preservation and moisturization.

Third, cover soil

Since Coprinus comatus has the characteristics that the hyphae does not touch the soil without mushroom, it must be covered with soil. The earth-covering material is mixed with 50% of pastoral soil, 40% of river silt, 8% of vegetation ash, plus 1% to 2% of lime powder, and finally wetted with water, the water content is 60% to 70%. Grasp the group into a group, and drop it to the limit. The thickness of the cover soil is generally 3 to 5 cm, and the size of the soil particles does not exceed 2 cm in diameter. Stacked together with a thin film cover, top made of concave shape, put the container plus formaldehyde and potassium permanganate gasification sterilization for 48 hours, and then piled up and deflate for 3 days standby, not to rain.

Fourth, the temperature conditions

The temperature range for mycelium growth is 3 to 35°C, and the optimum temperature is 22 to 28°C. The mycelium is not cold-resistant to high temperatures, and the mycelium above 35°C shows autolysis. The temperature range for fruiting body growth is 9-26°C. It is easy to die below 9°C, and it is easy to open the umbrella to self-dissolve above 28°C. At 16-20 °C, the amount of fruiting bodies is large, the growth is fast, the yield is high, and the quality begins to drop above 20 °C. Temperature of 20 ~ 27 °C, about 10 days of mycelium can grow to the surface, at this time can be removed.

V. Moisture (humidity) conditions

The moisture content of the culture material is controlled at about 65%, and the relative humidity of the fruit body during growth and development is controlled at 85% to 90%, which is higher than 95% of prone to spot disease. The base of the fruit body and the mushroom stalk are easy to appear gray and black rot, the top of the mushroom cover Mostly dark brown. The relative humidity of the clinker bag during the phase of bacteria generation is preferably 70%, and the relative humidity of the raw material bed during the germination phase is preferably 70% to 80%. Can be taken into the air or wall moisturizing.

Six, lighting

Appropriate light can promote mycelial growth. When the light intensity is less than 10 lux, the mycelium grows very slowly, and on average, it takes about 7 to 11 days before the mushroom grows. The fruiting bodies grow very slowly in the absence of light stimulation, and the harvest is delayed by an average of 5 to 9 days, and the biological efficiency is also about 100%. When the light is too strong, if it reaches 1500 lux or more, the growth of mycelium or fruit body is slower than 10 lux or less. At this time, the growth of the fruit body is not only slow but also of poor quality, dryness, and pale yellow color. . The ideal light intensity is generally 70 to 800 lux. The Coprinus comatus that grows in such light is fast, has high yield, good quality, and is insusceptible to bacterial infection during growth, resulting in high commercial value.

VII. Air conditions

Coprinus is an aerobic saprophytic, so it requires a lot of oxygen during its growth. Proper oxygen content in the air can significantly improve the growth of coprinus comatus hyphae, which is due to the appropriate oxygen to enhance the ability of hyphae to decompose the matrix, oxygen supply is an important factor in cocklebur mushroom production. The growth of mycelium and the growth of fruit bodies need fresh air, so the bacteria and mushrooming stages should pay attention to proper indoor ventilation.

Eight, pH

The hyphae can be grown in a medium with a pH of 2-10. The pH of the covering material is preferably 7-7.5. In order to prevent the occurrence of competitive bacteria in production, appropriate amount of lime is added during the preparation of the culture materials and during the process of composting to increase the pH.

9. Pest Control

1. Diseases: 1 Walnut-shaped fungus: also known as fake "Fungus", is a vicious infectious disease that is prone to occur in Coprinus comatus cultivation. At the early stage of disease, more dense white cotton flocculent mycelium is produced in the soil layer, and fruit bodies of different sizes resemble agaric shapes in the soil surface. Digging the diseased part of the culture will give off a strong bleaching powder and the mycelia of the coprinus will melt. Culture materials blackened. Control methods: Strict selection of strains, wherever it is found that bad strains are definitely not used; soil cover must be taken from topsoil below 20 cm, and strictly sterilized; use concentrated lime water in partial irrigation, and stop water supply, until local soil white , Be careful to move out, away from deep burial. 2 White plaster mold: The disease is a disease caused by the acidity of culture materials. It usually occurs within 10 to 15 days of the next type. In the initial stage, white patches of varying sizes are formed on the covering surface, resembling lime powder. When matured, the plaques turned pink and yellow powdery spore masses were visible. Digging the culture material has a strong odor, and the mycelia of the coprinus comatus is dead and rot. Prevention and control method: Add 5% lime powder during fermentation, adjust the pH value to 8.5, spray with 500 times carbendazim or 5% stone carbonate, strengthen ventilation, reduce the humidity of the surface; 3 ghosts Umbrella Competitive Bacteria: The mixed fungus spores are mixed in the raw materials and enter the mushroom bed. A large number of coprinus comatus and coprinus comatus compete for nutrition on the bed surface in 5 to 10 days. Its fruiting body rotated out of the ink-like spore fluid, and subcultured very quickly. Control methods: Use fresh and dry straw as a culture material, and adopt secondary fermentation to kill coprinus spores; found that the coprinus should be removed in time before the unopened umbrella and buried deeply.

2. Insect pests: 1 Aphids: There are many species of ticks, which are mainly harmful to hyphae and fruit bodies. When the density of insects is large, coprinus comatus cannot form fruit bodies. The earthworms are derived from rice straw and livestock excrement. They live in a dark and humid environment and reproduce very quickly. Control methods: Before the use of the cultivation site, the debris should be carefully cleaned and sprayed with dichlorvos again; when the fermentation temperature reaches 55°C, the surface of the stockpile is sprayed with 2,000 times the amount of chlorantranite; the mushroom field is regularly sprayed with 1,000 times the dichlorvos or 2000 Double death. 2 Mushroom fly: Mushroom fly not only harms the coprinus comatus fruit body, but also is the culprit of spreading the bacteria. The culture material that was damaged was in the shape of a cocoon. There is a foul odor, and see worms crawling, mycelium is eaten. Control methods: Spray 0.1% of rattan fines on the ground and around; spray with 1500 times pyrethrin or 3000 times 2.5% cypermethrin; keep ventilation and cleanliness. 3 beetles: This insect is an indicator pest that is too humid and has poor hygienic conditions. Often clustered in the pellicle and material at the bottom of the cap, the victim's fruiting body turns red and flows out of the mucus, losing the value of the commodity. Control methods: Improve the hygienic conditions at the cultivation site to prevent excessive moisture; spray with 0.1% rattan extract or pyrethrin.

Ten, harvest

The lower part of the mushroom stalk can be picked by hand and rotated, and the stalks should be collected; the soil on the stalk can be processed or sold. After picking mushrooms, clean the material surface to remove the dead, stray mushrooms and other debris; spray a heavy water, then cover a layer of 1 cm thick soil, as before management, 10 days after the second tide mushroom.

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Appearance

1) Color: Orange or orange red 

4) Impurity: No visible foreign impurities 

Physics & Chemical Specification

1) Brix(%): ≥13.0 

2) Total Acid(g/100mLas Citric Acid): ≥0.5 

3) pH: 3.5-4.1 

Microorganism Specification

1) TPC (CFU/mL): ≤20 
2) Yeast (CFU/mL): ≤20 
3) Mould (CFU/mL): ≤1 
4) Coliform (CFU/mL): ≤1

Additive

Citric acid and Vitamin C

Country of Origin

ZHONGNING, NINGXIA, CHINA

Package

1) Inner package is 200kgs aseptic bag, outer package is opening steel drum.

2) Inner package is 25kgs aseptic bag, outer package is opening steel drum.

Storage

Should be stored at room temperature in clean, cool, dry warehouse, prevent sun, rain, and not be stored with corrosive, toxic, and smelly item. With these conditions, product shelf life is 18 months. (suggestion: 5-8℃).  

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