Treatment of fruit tree pest resistance
2024-11-09 09:59:38
Due to the long-term use of a single pesticide to control a certain pest in the same orchard in the same area, after a certain period of time, the efficacy of the disease has been significantly reduced or even invalid. In the production process, in order to maintain the potency of the medicament, on the one hand, the application amount of the medicament is increased, and on the other hand, the number of application times is continuously increased, which further emphasizes the development of pest resistance. This is a serious problem in the use of chemical control in orchard pests today. The use of non-selective broad-spectrum, systemic insecticidal, acaricidal and fungicidal agents is one of the major causes of resistance to major pests. Almost all kinds of pests can produce drug resistance. The formation of drug resistance is due to the selective effect of the drug, and its individual drug-resistance genes are preserved, gradually resulting in the formation of resistance groups.
Drug resistance
1. Rotate medication in one area, one orchard, and avoid using pesticides that have a single role or similar properties for a long period of time to interrupt the formation of resistant populations in the worm population. For example, pesticides such as organophosphorus, pyrethroid, carbamate, organic nitrogen, biological preparations, mineral oil, and plant pesticides have different mechanisms of action; pesticides in the same type of preparation Varieties can also be used interchangeably, but there can be no cross-resistance.
In fungicides, systemic fungicide is easy to produce drug resistance, such as antibiotics and benzimidazoles, is a specific inhibitor. Non-systemic sulfur preparations, copper preparations, and mangosteens are multi-site inhibitors. The two types of rotation application are better combinations.
2. Mixed use of drugs with two or more than two modes of action and mechanisms with different agents can avoid, reduce the incidence and development of disease resistance. For example, the mixture of sterilized Dandan and Carbendazim, the mixed use of Dysonam and Methionine, the mixture of Pyrethrin and organic P, and the combination of mineral oil and organic P, etc. are all better mixed solutions and combinations. The emergence of drug resistance changes. Mixed formulation can work. The rational combination of pesticides is the direction of pesticide use and processing now and in the future.
One is that the factory mixes and processes two or more kinds of pesticide original medicines to make different dosage forms and preparations, implements commercial production, and supplies the market. It does not need to be reconstituted during application, and is easy to use.
The other is the use of live mixing. That is, according to the actual needs of pest control at the local orchard at that time, more than two types of pesticide preparations were used on the spot. However, it is necessary to understand the nature of the preparations, the roles and the objects of prevention and treatment, as well as the principles of scientific and rational compounding and mixing. Compound preparations must be combined with the following five requirements: First, to expand the control of the object, a drug with more use, reduce the frequency of application; Second, with a synergistic effect; Third, to extend the useful life of new and old pesticide species; Fourth, Reduce the cost of prevention and control, reduce the cost of prevention and control; Fifth, it will help overcome and delay the emergence of pest resistance and reduce the toxicity of pesticides.
At present, in compounding, fungicides and fungicides can be mixed; insecticides and insecticides can be mixed; herbicides and herbicides can be mixed; insecticides and synergists can be added; insecticides and fungicides can be mixed. .
3. Intermittent use or disuse of pesticides After a pesticide has induced drug resistance, stop using it for a certain period of time and the drug resistance may gradually decline or even disappear. If dimethoate, dichlorvos, etc., cause drug resistance on leafhoppers and aphids, the drug resistance can basically disappear after a few years of use, and it can be widely used again.
4. Improve the application of pesticide technology and accurate application of the appropriate effective dose is an effective way to delay the emergence of resistance, improve the control effect, and save costs. Orchard managers are often afraid that the effect is not good, and the application concentration of pesticides is arbitrarily increased. Only the short-term effects are shown, so that the pests quickly develop resistance. In the other case, pesticides are not applied at the required concentration, or there are errors in calculations. , The use of the concentration is too low, after use is invalid or the effect is poor, but also easily lead to drug resistance. Arbitrary and unwarranted promotion of winter gardening, spraying at low temperatures, not only poor or ineffective, and the liquid residue on the leaves and leaves causing pest resistance. Therefore, the amount of application should be accurate, and it should be applied during the sensitive period and the young and nymphal stages of the disease, so as to improve the effect, and it can also avoid or delay the occurrence of pest resistance. To improve the spray technique, to make the liquids reach the target objects as much as possible and make them even and thoughtful, it is also an important measure to avoid the generation of resistance.
Drug resistance
1. Rotate medication in one area, one orchard, and avoid using pesticides that have a single role or similar properties for a long period of time to interrupt the formation of resistant populations in the worm population. For example, pesticides such as organophosphorus, pyrethroid, carbamate, organic nitrogen, biological preparations, mineral oil, and plant pesticides have different mechanisms of action; pesticides in the same type of preparation Varieties can also be used interchangeably, but there can be no cross-resistance.
In fungicides, systemic fungicide is easy to produce drug resistance, such as antibiotics and benzimidazoles, is a specific inhibitor. Non-systemic sulfur preparations, copper preparations, and mangosteens are multi-site inhibitors. The two types of rotation application are better combinations.
2. Mixed use of drugs with two or more than two modes of action and mechanisms with different agents can avoid, reduce the incidence and development of disease resistance. For example, the mixture of sterilized Dandan and Carbendazim, the mixed use of Dysonam and Methionine, the mixture of Pyrethrin and organic P, and the combination of mineral oil and organic P, etc. are all better mixed solutions and combinations. The emergence of drug resistance changes. Mixed formulation can work. The rational combination of pesticides is the direction of pesticide use and processing now and in the future.
One is that the factory mixes and processes two or more kinds of pesticide original medicines to make different dosage forms and preparations, implements commercial production, and supplies the market. It does not need to be reconstituted during application, and is easy to use.
The other is the use of live mixing. That is, according to the actual needs of pest control at the local orchard at that time, more than two types of pesticide preparations were used on the spot. However, it is necessary to understand the nature of the preparations, the roles and the objects of prevention and treatment, as well as the principles of scientific and rational compounding and mixing. Compound preparations must be combined with the following five requirements: First, to expand the control of the object, a drug with more use, reduce the frequency of application; Second, with a synergistic effect; Third, to extend the useful life of new and old pesticide species; Fourth, Reduce the cost of prevention and control, reduce the cost of prevention and control; Fifth, it will help overcome and delay the emergence of pest resistance and reduce the toxicity of pesticides.
At present, in compounding, fungicides and fungicides can be mixed; insecticides and insecticides can be mixed; herbicides and herbicides can be mixed; insecticides and synergists can be added; insecticides and fungicides can be mixed. .
3. Intermittent use or disuse of pesticides After a pesticide has induced drug resistance, stop using it for a certain period of time and the drug resistance may gradually decline or even disappear. If dimethoate, dichlorvos, etc., cause drug resistance on leafhoppers and aphids, the drug resistance can basically disappear after a few years of use, and it can be widely used again.
4. Improve the application of pesticide technology and accurate application of the appropriate effective dose is an effective way to delay the emergence of resistance, improve the control effect, and save costs. Orchard managers are often afraid that the effect is not good, and the application concentration of pesticides is arbitrarily increased. Only the short-term effects are shown, so that the pests quickly develop resistance. In the other case, pesticides are not applied at the required concentration, or there are errors in calculations. , The use of the concentration is too low, after use is invalid or the effect is poor, but also easily lead to drug resistance. Arbitrary and unwarranted promotion of winter gardening, spraying at low temperatures, not only poor or ineffective, and the liquid residue on the leaves and leaves causing pest resistance. Therefore, the amount of application should be accurate, and it should be applied during the sensitive period and the young and nymphal stages of the disease, so as to improve the effect, and it can also avoid or delay the occurrence of pest resistance. To improve the spray technique, to make the liquids reach the target objects as much as possible and make them even and thoughtful, it is also an important measure to avoid the generation of resistance.
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