Two, three and four membranes for planting potatoes, early harvest and high benefit
Potatoes were grown using two, three, and four film mulching methods. The harvest periods were mid-May, early May, and the end of April, respectively, 20 days, 30 days and 40 days earlier than the mulching film, which increased the efficiency by 126.65%, 259.85% and 295.02. %.
1. Soil preparation and fertilization. Choose loose loam or sandy loam with deep soil layer and easy irrigation. Plow the soil 30-40 cm deep before freezing, apply 3000-5000 kg high-quality decomposed organic fertilizer per mu, and mix in 3 to 4 kg 3% phoxim.
2. Variety selection. Choose early-maturing varieties with a growth period of less than 70 days. At present, suitable varieties include "Netherlands 15", "Shishu No. 1", "Zhongshu No. 3" and so on.
3. Seed potato processing. 30 days before sowing, it should be carried out in a room with scattered light or in a plastic shed.
4. Sowing time. When the 10 cm soil layer in the shed is thawed and the ground temperature stabilizes above 5°C, sowing is selected. The second, third and fourth film cover sowing dates are mid-February, the end of January to the beginning of February, and around January 20, respectively.
5. Sowing method. If the moisture content is insufficient, you can pour frozen water before winter. Spread 75 kilograms of ternary compound fertilizer and 25 kilograms of potassium sulfate per mu in the sowing ditch, and sow after mixing the soil. Use large ridges and double rows for planting.
6. Laminating method. Second film coverage: plastic film + arch shed. Three-film coverage: plastic film + middle arch shed + large shed. Four-film coverage: plastic film + small arch shed + middle arch shed + large shed.
7. Field management.
Temperature: The temperature in the shed before emergence should not be lower than 30℃ during the day and 10℃ at night. When 85% of the seedlings emerge, keep them at 16℃～21℃ in the daytime and above 8℃ at night.
Ventilation: There is no need to release the air before the potato emerges. When 90% of the potato emerges, the temperature in the shed during the day exceeds 25℃ or the shed is humid and foggy. The air should be released in time after watering.
Light: After Qi Miao, the third and fourth film cover the greenhouse film during the day, and cover it at night, and keep the film clean.
Uncover the film: cover with two films, remove the mulch after Qi Miao. Three-film coverage, 80% of the seedlings emerge and the temperature in the shed at night is higher than 8℃, the mulching film can be removed. Cover with four mulches, and remove the mulch when 80% of the seedlings emerge.
Topdressing: Topdressing 10 kg/mu of urea during the first watering after the seedlings; topdressing 15 kg of potassium nitrate per mu during the budding period; spraying 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution during the blooming period.
8. Pest control. After the seedlings, mancozeb should be used to prevent early and late blight in time; if black shank diseased plants are found, they should be pulled out and taken out of the field in time, and the roots should be irrigated twice with kasugamycin or ethicin. In terms of insect pests, pay attention to the prevention of wheat aphids, and the prevention and control of underground pests such as grubs, mole crickets, and golden needle insects. You can spray 3~4 kg of 50% phoxim granules in the furrow during sowing.
9. Harvest. Stop watering 7-10 days before harvest. The second, third and fourth film mulch planting and harvest periods are mid-May, early May and end of April respectively. Choose to harvest on sunny days to minimize damage to the potato pieces and ensure that the skin of the potato pieces is dry. It is sold in time after harvest. If it cannot be sold in time, it must be stored in a dark and breathable condition.
10. Matters needing attention. Avoid repeated cropping with solanaceous crops, and choose virus-free and early-maturing potato varieties.
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