Analysis of high-yield cultivation techniques and market prospects of Platycodon grandiflorum

Platycodon grandiflorum is one of the 40 commonly used traditional Chinese medicines. It has many functions such as dispelling cold and phlegm, and can also be used for cooking. So the market outlook is ok. Next, let's take a look at the cultivation techniques and market prospects of Campanulaceae.

High-yield cultivation techniques for Platycodon grandiflorum

First, the form

Herbs perennial, plant height 30-100 cm, whole plant smooth and hairless, root fat and fleshy, outer skin yellow-brown or taupe, stems erect, leaves ovate to lanceolate, 2 to 7 cm long, 0.5 to 3 cm wide, apex gradually Tip, sharply serrated at the edges, base cuneate. Flowering period from July to September, fruiting period from August to October.

Second, the growing environment

Campanulaceae is cool and moist, hi-light, cold-resistant. The temperature range suitable for growth is 10 ° C ~ 20 ° C, the optimum temperature is 20 ° C, can withstand the low temperature of minus 20 ° C. Plants grow well in deep, loose, fertile, well-drained humus or sandy loam. Afraid of stagnant water, soil water is likely to cause root rot.

Third, planting technology

1, the selection of the ground platycodon grandiflorum is a deep-rooted plant, should choose the soil layer is deep, loose and fertile, well-drained humus soil or sandy soil is better. After selecting the ground, apply 2500 kg of compost per acre, add 20 kg of superphosphate, sprinkle it into the ground, deep over 25 cm, and level it.

2, timely sowing platycodon is mainly used to breed seeds, spring sowing, autumn sowing or winter sowing, the use of 2 kg of acres. It can also be transplanted with seedlings, because the live broadcast yield is higher than transplanting, and the roots are less straightforward, which is convenient for scraping, good quality and multi-purpose production. Note that seed propagation requires the use of new seeds in the same year. The new seeds sprout quickly, the germination rate is high, and the growing seedlings are even, strong and conducive to management. The germination rate of Chen seeds in the next year is low or even impossible to germinate. In recent years, the seeds of medicinal herbs have been planted in the Anguo area of ​​Hebei Province, and the professional Chinese herbal medicine planter has been used to control the planting depth and plant spacing. The labor efficiency is high and labor-saving, and it is worth learning and promoting.

In order to improve the germination rate of the seed, the seed can be treated first, soaked in warm water for 12 hours before sowing, mixed with a proper amount of wet sand, and then planted for several days to significantly increase the germination rate. Using the strip method, the groove is 18-21 cm in the line on the whole surface, the depth is about 1-1.5 cm, and the cover soil is 0.5 cm after sowing. Or adopt the advanced wide-width striping method, that is, the width of the trench is 10 cm, the line spacing does not change, and the wide-width striping method has many advantages, such as simple management and good finished product quality. The temperature is suitable, and it can be emerged in about 15 days.

Fourth, field management

1, reasonable dense plant spacing 3-5 cm. Too dense, the plant grows weak and is vulnerable to pests and diseases. Too thin, low yield. Appropriate seedlings with wide-width stripping method, the seedlings are not crowded, and there is no need to go to the seedlings too much. Proper planting is the key to increasing production.

2, the cultivating of the platycodon grandiflorum in the early stage of slow growth, easy to breed weeds, should be removed in time to prevent the spread of grass shortage. The planting area is first watered, and when it is suitable for drying and drying, the soil should be loosened once, so as to avoid dry and cracking of the ground and cause dead seedlings. The cultivating should be carried out when the soil moisture is moderate. After the plant grows up and seals the ridge, it is no longer necessary to carry out cultivating and weeding.

3, the topdressing seedling period needs to be followed by thin human excrement 1-2 times to promote seedling growth. At the end of June, the application of flowering fertilizer was applied to the phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to prevent the growth of nutrients caused by excessive flowering. After winter, re-apply winter fertilizer, combined with fertilization for soil. When the plant height is about 1 meter in the spring of the next year, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer is appropriately controlled, and the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is applied to make the stem grow thick and strong, which can prevent or reduce the lodging.

4, thin flower and fruit platycodon long flower period, it consumes a lot of nutrients, affecting root growth. In addition to planting the field, the thinning and thinning of the fruit can increase the yield and quality of the root, and the flower bud can be manually removed in the production, such as cutting the flower bud with a sickle. Or use multiple effects, spray application during the flowering period to prevent flowering.

5, the drainage of platycodon is high in planting density. When it is hot and humid in summer, it should be done in time to prevent dredging and waterlogging, resulting in reduced production.

Fifth, the main pests and diseases

1, root rot

(1) Symptoms are a root disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum in fungi. In the onset of the disease from June to August, the initial roots were yellowish brown and rotted, and gradually expanded later. When the disease was severe, the aerial part was withered and died.

(2) Prevention and treatment method A, pay attention to rotation, and remove stagnant water in time. Planting in low-lying or rainy areas should be done sorghum. B. Apply more base fertilizer when soil preparation, improve soil and enhance disease resistance of plants. Apply 50-100kg of lime powder per mu to reduce the harm, or use 5kg of carbendazim for soil disinfection per acre. 50% tobuzin 1000 can be used on the disease. Double liquid pouring control. C, timely removal of diseased plants.

2, purple feather disease

(1) Symptoms are diseases caused by a basidiomycete in a fungus. To damage the roots, the disease begins with the roots and then extends to the main roots; the diseased part is yellowish white at first, and the white fungus can be seen, then becomes purple-brown, the root of the disease rots from the outside to the inside, and the outer surface is interwoven into a mycelium membrane. The slag is discharged. The above-ground diseased plants gradually became yellow and withered from the bottom up, and finally died.

(2) The method of prevention and treatment is the same as root rot.

Six, harvest processing

1, harvest

Planting platycodon is different in area and sowing date, and the harvesting period is also different. Generally, it is harvested in the same year, or harvested in the second year. The northeast can be slightly earlier. The harvesting period can be carried out from the end of September to the middle of October or the bud of the next year. . In the autumn, the weight of the harvester is good and the quality is good. Generally, when the stems and leaves of the ground are withered, the roots are not fully enriched, the rate of drying is low, and the yield is affected; the harvest is too late to peel. Prevent the main root from being cut when excavating.

2, processing

After the fresh roots are dug out, remove the dirt and the head of the head, and scrape the cork with bamboo knife, wood edge, porcelain, etc., wash, dry or dry. The skin needs to be freshly scraped. After a long time, the root bark is difficult to scrape. After skin scraping, it should be dried in time. The platycodon can not be processed too much, and it can be buried with sand to prevent the outer skin from drying and shrinking, so that it can be easily peeled. The folding rate is 30%.

The quality of the platycodon is better with roots, large or slightly yellowish, solid, and chrysanthemum. In addition, the platycodon flower is also very good-looking, can be used for ornamental flowers, increasing income.

Market prospect analysis:

First, the area is reduced. The low prices of the previous years have caused the pharmacy to be seriously injured. It is sad to the top, and it is difficult to sell goods. The sale is low price, not enough cost, and no one cares about new products. The pharmacists have replanted other varieties, and statistical analysis shows that there was no major change in the planting area last year.

Second, the demand has not decreased, and many businesses are concerned. Although the planting benefits are low, the farmers are not profitable, but the amount of medicine is still increasing, and the export volume is gradually increasing. The sales of fresh products used as bellflowers are not small. At present, there are many buyers in the market, and there is a shortage of supply. Planting has not been able to supply demand.

Third, the supply is in short supply and the price is rising. Today, the market is still looking for a large number of large cargoes, but the planting area is limited and the output is limited. After the new product production in 2017, the price will not fall, and the market price of wild platycodon will be firm and the supply will be scarce. Price cycle analysis, the current price is in the beginning of the trend of rising, the market price may double. At present, the family's platycodon will become the market's main force, and the market's upward trend is still strong.

Fourth, the development is slow. Although the price has risen, there are still few people who value it, and there is no large-scale growth in each of the original production areas. On the one hand, processing is time-consuming, and the farmers are reluctant to plant, and they only like simple varieties. Moreover, the low price in a few years makes the supply of new seeds less, and the germination rate of the seeds is low, which greatly limits the development of production. Some species are flooding the market, and the fish are mixed, which directly affects the production development in the next few years.

Analysis of the market outlook: This year's output will remain limited, the contradiction between supply and demand is prominent, and the development is slow due to various factors, and the post-trend will maintain a steady rise. All the drug dealers have full confidence in them, and they are optimistic. People in the industry say that the platycodon is entering a high price period for several years. For planting, this is also the golden entry point for vigorous development. Whoever benefits first.

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