Beef cattle urea science
The core message: beef cattle fed 100 grams of urea, in the case of science feeding, is equivalent to replenish 280 grams of crude protein (equivalent to feeding 684 grams of crude protein containing 40.9% of soybean cake), showing that feeding urea is very economical, very Cost-effective.
For beef cattle fed 100 grams of urea, feeding 280 grams of crude protein (corresponding to 684 grams of soy cake containing 40.9% crude protein) in the case of scientific feeding, it can be seen that feeding urea is economical and cost-effective.
So, how can scientific feeding be done? One must ensure two preconditions, and the other must pay attention to eight issues. One of the prerequisites is that there should be sufficient corn and other cereal feeds in the diet, and the digestible energy of the diet should be high. The second prerequisite is that the crude protein content in the diet should be between 9% and 12%. If the crude protein content of the diet is less than 8%, the effect of feeding urea is small, and if it is higher than 12%, the effect is not obvious. Therefore, the fattening of beef cattle is generally divided into three stages. In the early period of fattening, the proportion of roughage and concentrate in the diet is controlled to 0.6:0.4, and the crude protein content is about 12%. In the mid-fattening period, the ratio of coarse to fine feed in the diet The control was 0.5:0.5 and the crude protein content was about 11%. In the late period of fattening, the proportion of coarse and fine feed in the diet was controlled to 0.4:0.6, and the crude protein content was 10%.
The calculation method for the crude protein content of beef cattle rations is as follows: The crude protein content of the various feeds fed is determined from the nutrient composition table of the common feed used for cattle, multiplied by the weight of the various feeds fed, and the resulting numbers are added together. That's it. If the feed nutrient composition table shows the dry matter nutrient content of the feed, care must be taken to convert the feed to dry matter before calculating it.
The eight questions that beef cattle should pay attention to when feeding urea are:
1, urea can only be used to feed adult cattle and young cattle, can not feed calves. Because the rumen of calves before 6 months of age is not fully developed, feeding urea can easily cause poisoning.
2. When feeding urea, it is necessary to mix urea with fine feed and then feed it. It is not possible to use urea alone to feed cows, and it is even better not to dissolve urea in water for cattle to drink.
3, after feeding urea, can not give cattle immediate drinking water, it is best to drink water after 1 hour, so as not to cause poisoning.
4, can not use raw beans or raw soybean cake mixed urea feed cattle, because raw beans and raw soybean cake contains a substance called urease, urease can accelerate the decomposition of urea, so that cattle produce ammonia poisoning.
5, urea palatability is poor, and some cattle do not like to eat, feeding cattle should have 7-15 days of adaptation period, starting from the full dose of 1/5, and gradually increased to the full amount. The reference dose for the addition of urea is (daily per day): 30-50 grams of beef cattle with a live weight of 140-220 kg, 50-60 grams of beef cattle with a live weight of 250-300 kg, and beef cattle of 310-400 kg live weight 60-80 g, beef cattle with a live weight of 410-600 kg feed 80-120 g. In general, the maximum daily dose of urea fed to beef cattle is 120 grams.
6. Adding appropriate amount of inorganic sulfur (sulfate) is better when urea is fed, because when urea is used as a substitute for protein feed, sulfur deficiency is prone to occur. Sulfur deficiency affects the synthesis of sulphur-containing amino acids in cattle, and it also makes cattle The digestibility of cellulose is reduced. The best ratio of nitrogen to sulphur in feed is 15:1.
7. When feeding urea, pay attention to add 0.5% salt to the diet.
8. When the symptoms of urea poisoning are found in cattle, the following measures should be taken: (1) Immediately stop feeding the feed that may cause poisoning. (2) 1-2 kilograms of vinegar per pot of vinegar (3-4 times of water); or 4-5 liters of yogurt (sour whey) or 1 kilogram of vinegar and sugar, 2.5 kilograms of water Gavage. (3) do a good job of symptomatic treatment, such as the occurrence of acute rumen hernia, rumen puncture should be immediately deflated; such as severe symptoms of poisoning should be intravenous injection of 10% calcium gluconate 300-500 ml, 10% glucose 500 ml To neutralize the toxins that are inhaled in the blood.
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