Bitter gourd early spring cultivation techniques
In the spring, small bitumen covered with small sheds was put on the market for early listing. Its cultivation techniques are as follows:
First, select plots
Bitter gourd hi moist, afraid of flooding, should choose not easy to be affected, deep soil, good permeability of the loam cultivation, and the mouth arrangement should not be melons for the former crop.
Second, select varieties
Should choose suitable local climatic conditions, melon vines short, short internodes, small leaves, strong resistance, early and high yield, good commercial, cold and disease-resistant varieties.
Third, planting seedlings
The bitter gourd seeds have a hard seed coat and are soaked with germination before sowing. When raising seedlings, small sheds should be set up on seed beds to prevent catching cold. Seedlings should have sufficient illumination time, 25°C-30°C during the daytime and 20°C or more at night. Keep the seedbed loose and moist.
Fourth, fertilization transplant
In early April, when the soil is more than 10 centimeters in temperature is about 12 degrees (30-40 days of seedling age, 3-4 true leaves) colonization. Before planting, combined with full-planting basal fertilizer, 3000-4000 kg per hectare of fertilized farmyard fertilizer and 30 kg of superphosphate, the phosphate fertilizer should be mixed with glutinous fertilizer for more than 15 days before application. After the fertilization, shallow ploughing, leveling and boring, making a width of 1.5 meters (including the bottom ditch 0.5 meters) and a height of 20 centimeters. When planting, each row was planted with 2 rows of 0.7 meter spacing and 0.5 meter spacing. Pour well water after planting.
V. Field Management
1. Top dressing watering. After planting and survival, combined with watering, topdressing the concentration of about 10% of the decomposed farmyard manure, to promote the roots under the bar, nurturing strong seedlings. When the plants grow to 30 cm in height, a second top dressing is performed. After the increase in temperature, the growth of the plant was accelerated. When the first batch of female flowers was opened, the human fecal urine was topically applied at a concentration of 20%. After the first batch of fruit was harvested, 20 kg of compound fertilizer was applied per acre, and then fertilizer was applied once every 7-10 days. Full flowering foliar spray fertilizer. In the growth process of bitter gourd requires a lot of water, into the full fruit period in the absence of rain, should be poured once every 5-7 days water.
2. Weeding and weeding. In the seedling stage combined with weeding, shallow cultivator 2 times. Cultivate 2-3 times during later growth. Weeds can be removed manually if weeds are present.
3. Frame the entire vine. When the melon vines grow to 50-70 centimeters in height, each bamboo is inserted in a length of about 2 meters in each side of the plant, and the adult worms are placed on each other to fix bitter gourd vines on the bamboo culm in order to prevent the vine leaves from intertwining. When bitter gourd begins to pump vines, it should be combined with the characteristics of the species, and appropriate removal or selection of side vines should be carried out. The main vine variety should be removed from the side vines, and no side branches should be left below 1 meter. During the middle and late stages of plant growth and development, the plants should be removed. The old yellow leaves in the lower part of the tower allow for air ventilation.
4. Disease prevention and control. Diseases of bitter gourd mainly include wilt disease, powdery mildew, downy mildew and so on. In the early stage of wilt disease, 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder can be used to control 1000 times; when powdery mildew and downy mildew, they can be sprayed with 15% Triadimefon 200-300 times.
Six, timely harvest
Generally 12-15 days after flowering, it is a suitable harvest period for commodity melons. At this point, the fruit is fully grown, the fruit tumor is thick, the tumor groove is shallow, and the tip is smooth and shiny. The results were picked once every 5-6 days in the initial stage, and harvested once in 2-3 days in the full fruit period. Should be harvested before sunrise, bitter gourd harvested at noon or afternoon is easy to turn yellow, impatience storage, harvesting scissors cut from the base.
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