Comprehensive control measures for pepper "three falling diseases"
In the production of peppers, the serious damage is the deciduous, falling, and fruit-dropping of peppers, commonly known as the “three diseases†of peppers. Moreover, it occurs in general, no matter which kind of cultivation method occurs, especially in greenhouses and other protected areas. Prevention of pepper "three falls" should be based on prevention, supplemented by scientific cultivation management.
1. Create temperature and humidity conditions suitable for pepper development
The seedling stage of pepper has strict requirements on temperature and humidity. The open field cultivation should adapt to the natural environment at that time. The cultivation of the reverse season should adopt the necessary facilities, such as the greenhouse, the large-scale greenhouse, and the plastic film cover to create the light and temperature conditions for adapting the growth of the pepper. The daily light time should be no less than 8 hours, and the minimum light intensity should be greater than 2000lx (plant stem), which promotes the coordinated development of vegetative growth and reproductive growth. Some people have done experiments. The average plant height in the film-covered area is 13.5 cm higher than that of the uncoated land, the stem diameter is increased by 0.15 cm, the leaves are thick, and the average growth value is 0.85 cm. The average number of single plants is 1.8, and the yield per mu is 30.1%. In the morning market for 14 days, the “three falls†was reduced by 28.9%.
Second, the use of advanced cultivation techniques
1. Change the conventional variety to hybrid hybrids, and do a good job in seed disinfection. The hybrid generation has many advantages: the roots of the plants are developed, the growth potential is strong, the early maturity is good, the uniformity is high, the early yield and total yield are high, and the disease resistance and Strong resistance to stress, the phenomenon of "three falls" is significantly reduced.
2. Quantitative sowing, reasonable close planting, cultivating early seedlings of appropriate age and seedlings, early seedlings, so that the plants are well ventilated and light, improve the rooting power of the plants, promote nutrient breeding, strong seedlings, and lay a solid foundation for early maturity and high yield. basis.
3. Select the sputum, re-apply the base fertilizer, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to carry out soil testing and formula fertilization to ensure that the pepper has sufficient nutrient supply during the growth and development period. The root of the pepper is shallow. Before planting, the soil is required to be deeply ploughed, finely sown, and fully fertilized. Farmyard manure, increasing soil water retention capacity and various nutrient content. It is best to plant peppers with corn glutinous rice and wheat glutinous rice; soy glutinous rice no seedlings; autumn vegetables sorghum soil compaction; garlic stalks and sugar beet stalks cannot be planted. After the pepper is planted, it is generally chased three times:
1 strong glutinous fertilizer: the door pepper flowering period is chasing 15 kilograms of ternary compound fertilizer per acre;
2 reminder fruit fertilizer: after the harvest of the door pepper, the second clip fruit expansion period is 5 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per acre, 5 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 5 kg of potassium fertilizer;
3 return to green fertilizer: four-door fighting peppers expand, the star-studded fruit, is the second peak of pepper growth, in order to promote its growth and development, 10 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per acre. Topdressing is based on the principle of a small number of times.
4. Adjust the population structure of peppers during planting, rationally close planting, make full use of light energy, increase land use, and increase the land use ratio. The pepper plants can not be covered with ridges. The soil surface is exposed to the sun during high temperature, and the soil temperature changes drastically, which is not conducive to the root system. Development; the ridges are large, the leaves between the two ridges can not be preserved, the soil moisture evaporates quickly, and it is easy to dry, causing the growth and development of peppers, and the disease is easy to occur. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure proper ridge and ridge spacing to form a reasonable group structure of pepper. During the growth process, yellow leaves, old leaves and diseased leaves are removed in time to reduce nutrient consumption and maintain good permeability in the field, which can significantly reduce the occurrence of "three diseases".
5. In the bud stage, spray the leaf surface with 0.1% zinc sulfate and 0.15% boric acid solution to promote flowering, reduce flower and fruit shedding, increase yield, and treat small leaf spot disease.
6. Other measures should be poured in small water, and the field should be kept moist to prevent excessive drying and flooding of the soil and avoid water accumulation in the field. Diligently cultivate the loose soil, promote root growth, enhance the absorption capacity of the roots, and make the plants grow robust. Where conditions permit, the ground can be covered with manure to reduce the temperature of the soil surface, reduce evaporation of water, avoid soil compaction, and enhance the aeration and water permeability of the soil.
Third, scientific use of drugs to prevent pests and diseases
1. When the planting is carried out, the medicine is sprayed in the hotbed for 4 hours before the seedling is planted, and the anti-drug powder 500 times solution is sprayed on the hotbed, which saves labor and saves medicine, and the effect is good.
2. Early attention to prevention and control of aphids to reduce the spread of viral diseases.
3. In the early stage of pepper development or spraying the venom powder 500 times liquid or carbendazim spray, the fog drops to the leaf surface, the leaf back reaches evenly; spray after 3 o'clock in the afternoon, do not dew the water Spraying, so as not to reduce the concentration of the liquid; it is best not to rain for 12 hours after spraying, otherwise it will be sprayed once. The pickling period and the fruiting period of the door pepper were all controlled by the anti-virus powder 500 times liquid.
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