Feeding of dairy goats during lactation
The milking period of dairy goats is divided into three stages: colostrum, milking, and lactation. In the production of dairy goats, scientific breeding for each stage in accordance with the characteristics of each period is a good way to effectively reduce the cost of raising the cow's milk, increase milk production and improve economic efficiency.
(I) Colostrum
1. The period of colostrum is about one and a half months. During this period, the dairy goats have weak constitutions, empty stomachs, hunger and hunger, and poor digestion. They mainly use high-quality hay, and then feed the concentrate and succulent as appropriate. feed. (1) The body condition is more fat, the breasts are oversized, and the indigestion is mainly based on hay, and a small amount of fine material is fed. (2) If the body is leaner, the breasts are too small and the digestive ability is weak, feed a certain amount of root and stem feeds such as sweet potatoes, potatoes, etc. This kind of feed is easy to digest and rich in nutrition.
2, to feed easily digestible, good palatability feed, not too much feed fine material, because the fine material intake is too much, it is easy to hurt the stomach, causing diarrhea and gastrointestinal disease, affecting the intake of dairy sheep, and then cause Reduced milk production. About 2 weeks after delivery, the normal feeding level can be restored.
(b) Breastfeeding
1, about 50 days after childbirth on the procreation of the procreation of milk, this time due to a large increase in lactation, excessive consumption of nutrients in the body, so that ewes weight loss, belonging to a more sensitive period, in addition to maintaining the weight of 1% to 1.5% of the weight of high quality hay In addition, the proportion of concentrates should also be appropriately increased to meet the needs of nutrients. Can be fed grass, silage, tuber, tuber feed. The correct feeding method can maintain high milk production during the milking period.
2, the proportion of fine and coarse: With high-quality green hay as the standard, the ratio of refined roughage should be 1:1. Too much concentrate may easily cause indigestion, and can cause ruminal acidosis, and the milk fat rate decreases. Maintaining a certain percentage of high-quality hay can maintain acid-base balance, which is conducive to healthy and normal lactation of dairy sheep.
3. Feeding standard: Take 3 kg of milk and 50 kg of dairy goats for example: 8 kg of green grass, 1 kg of dried sweet potato vines and hay, 4 kg of corn stalk silage, and 0.75-1.0 kg of mixed concentrate. Concentrate should be properly matched and sufficient supply must be provided to ensure nutritional needs and increase milk production.
4, fine material to add trace elements, bone meal, stone powder and so on.
5, drink 3 times a day with warm water with a small amount of salt, if you feed some millet porridge, corn soup, bran soup, etc. also have a good effect of increasing milk.
6, appropriate exercise every day, can enhance heart function and digestion, so that it maintains a strong appetite and healthy body condition, improve production performance.
(c) Late lactation
Generally 60 to 90 days after childbirth, as the amount of lactation is reduced, the concentrate should be gradually reduced, but not too fast, so as not to cause excessive reduction in milk production, but also to reduce the number of milking in time for the transition to the dry period lay the foundation. Feeding some leguminous forages at the right time can meet the corresponding nutritional requirements, and the feed ratio at this stage is 3:7.
(D) Science milking
1. Wash and massage the breasts with warm water before milking, wipe them with a warm and wet towel, and use a two-handed fist to squeeze milk. The speed should be quick and soft, and the strength should be steady, about 80 times per minute. Should not be slipped with one hand. Method milking. Milking is usually done twice a day, and milking is done 3 times a day in a vigorous milking period.
2, milking should be half an hour after feeding, milking sheep in a quiet state, milking staff to be fixed, places do not arbitrarily change.
3, milking to be regular, interval time should be equal.
4, before milking, first pay attention to whether the breast with lump, wound, redness, etc., if there should be timely treatment, so as not to affect the milk production.
5, to discard the first few drops of goat milk, in order to avoid bacterial contamination of milk, squeeze the last drop of milk in the breast, so as not to cause the mastitis or reduce the milk production due to sheep milk was not squeezed.
6, for milking records, easy to calculate the total milk production, select high-yield dairy sheep.
(E) Epidemic prevention
High-yielding dairy sheep are susceptible to mastitis. They find that breasts are red and swollen, warming and painful, and those who do not have milk symptoms should be promptly treated. Ectoparasites such as ticks, cockroaches, and ticks can be controlled by albendazole, avermectin, etc.; use of broad-spectrum anthelmintics in the spring and fall seasons can periodically drive the liver-shaped trematodes, aphids, cockroaches, etc. Insects; timely immunization, commonly used vaccines such as sheep triplets, quadruped seedlings, sheep pox vaccines.
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