High-yielding Cultivation Techniques of Peanuts in Direct Summer
2022-11-24 05:05:02
The implementation of wheat harvested after direct peanuts can not only solve the problems of poor wheat seeding quality, but also has the advantages of convenient mechanized harvesting of wheat and mechanized peanut sowing, which facilitates peanut preparation, fertilization, sowing, and time and labor saving, etc., in wheat and peanuts. Farmers in mature areas are easy to accept, which is an effective way to increase labor efficiency and increase output and efficiency. The summer high-yield cultivation techniques for peanuts in direct broadcast are as follows:
Deeply ploughing and improving soil and lay a good foundation for high yield
Soil or cropland with deep soil, drainage and irrigation conditions, medium or medium fertility should be selected. After harvesting wheat, it is urgent to plant peanuts, and it is not easy to plough the soil. Deep-ploughing 30 cm can be used in combination with organic fertilizers before wheat sowing.
Former fertilization and fertility
Wheat fields that are directly seeded with peanuts after the planned wheat harvest should be combined with tillage before the wheat is sown. The amount of fertilizer used per acre for the former manure should reach 3,500-4,500 kilograms of quality circle fertilizer, 25-30 kilograms of urea, 55-60 kilograms of calcium phosphate, 25-30 kilograms of potassium sulfate, or compound fertilizer equal to or more than the amount of fertilizer.
Fine soil preparation and rational fertilization
After the wheat harvest, seize the time to set up the site, Shizu base fertilizer. 3,500-4,500 kilograms of soil-fertilizer per acre, 10-12 kilograms of pure nitrogen for chemical fertilizers, 8-10 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxide, and 10-12 kilograms of potassium oxide. According to the abundance of soil nutrients, appropriate increase in calcium fertilizer and boron, zinc, iron and other trace element fertilizer application. Fertilizer types should be combined with quick-acting and long, slow-acting fertilizers. After the wheat is harvested, spread the above fertilizer on the surface, then plow 20-25 cm, and then use a rotary plow to beat 1-2 times, break the wheat stubble, and make soil loose, ground level, fine soil, and fertilizer. , footsteps.
Selected seeds and pesticides
Select high quality wheat varieties suitable for late sowing, dwarfing and early maturing. Peanuts use good-quality early-maturing or medium-early-mature peanut varieties with high yield potential, good quality, and comprehensive resistance. Peanut shelling before shelling 2-3 days before sowing, shelling 7-10 days before sowing. According to the occurrence of underground pests and root rot rot with peanut seed coating agent "Cola" and Green Eagle 25% chlorpyrifos microcapsule coating.
Preemptive early broadcast, ensure sufficient density
After the harvest of the former buckwheat, it should be planted as early as possible, the sooner the better, and strive to sow before June 10, at the latest not later than June 15. Large peanuts have a density of 10,000-11,000 holes per mu, and small peanuts have 11000-12000 holes, sowing 2 seeds per hole.
According to the standard to do 畦, improve the quality of the film
The ridge distance is 80-85 centimeters, the ridge height is 10-12 centimeters, the ridge width is 50-55 centimeters, and the ridge spacing is 30-35 centimeters. To change the trapezoidal ridge slope to a rectangular ridge slope, so that the ridge slope and the ground are nearly vertical. The mulch film is a black or coloured plastic film with a width of 90 cm and a thickness of not less than 0.004 mm. According to the points of laminating film, improve the quality of the coating film, spray evenly Jin Dole 90-100 ml or acetochlor 120-150 ml per mu, and add 800 times wettable carbendazim to kill 60 kg of phage bacterium liquid . After the film is covered, a 5 cm thick soil cover is placed over the sowing row. Mechanized film is the best condition to use, and ridging, sowing, spraying herbicides, covering film and other processes are completed once.
Strengthen field management
(I) Timely release of seedlings
When the peanut seedlings break through the mulch to reveal the true leaves, the soil pods on the sowing line are promptly withdrawn into the furrows. Where there is a lack of cavities, replanting in a timely manner, the seeds should be primed and a small amount of water be poured when replanting. For the lack of pressure on the sowing line above the film, peanut seedlings can not automatically break through the film, artificial membrane rupture seedlings. Fangmiao should be conducted before 9 o'clock in the morning or after 4 o'clock in the afternoon. The specific method is to open a hole with a diameter of 4 to 5 centimeters above the seeding hole and cover a 4 to 5 centimeter mound on the round hole. When the seedlings are exposed again and the seedlings are basically seeded, the earth mound on the membrane hole is promptly withdrawn into the ditch. The lateral branches below the mulch were buried in time from the four leaf stage to flowering.
(B) pay attention to drought, drainage
Summer peanuts are very sensitive to drought and can not be affected by drought at any time. Especially during the period from late July to early August, the stage of full needles and a large number of fruit needles is a critical period of water demand. When drought occurs, it should be timely irrigated. At the same time, summer peanuts are also afraid. Buds, seedlings, should pay attention to drainage.
(c) Timely prevention of pests and diseases
1. When controlling the locusts at the seedling stage, when the locust strain rate reaches 20%, use 30% Keziling 2000 times solution or 10% imidacloprid 4000 times solution, or 40% chlorpyrifos emulsion solution 1000 times solution, and the amount of liquid used per mu is 40. -50 kg.
2. In the middle stage of growth, the bollworms and cockroaches are mainly controlled: 2.5 kg of phoxim granules or 2.5 kg of 10% chlorpyrifos and 20 kg of fine sand are applied to the main stems of the plants during spreading or seedling cultivating. During the scarring period, piers were filled with 40% phoxim emulsion or 40% chlorpyrifos emulsion or 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 1000 times solution. Helicoverpa armigera: spray with 50% phoxim 1000-1500 times, 1.8% abamectin 2000-3000 times, or 10% imidacloprid 4000 times.
3. In the later period, the control of leaf spot disease in the field has reached 6% to 8% of the diseased leaf rate, spraying, spraying once every 10-15 days, and spraying 2-3 times. Commonly used agents include 72% agricultural streptomycin sulfate soluble powder, 1.5% polymycin wettable powder, 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder, and 50% carbendazim wettable powder.
(d) Preventing prosperous growth and lodging
The growth of peanuts began to increase at the flowering stage. When the planting period is as high as 35 cm and the daily increase of the main stem is more than 1.5 cm, the fungicide diniconazole is sprayed on the leaves in a timely manner 700-800 times and sprayed 2 or 3 times. , interval 7-10 days. The severely plotted plots can be controlled for the third time.
(five) spraying fertilizer to prevent premature aging
In the middle and late period of peanut breeding, the concentration of superphosphate is 750-1000kg per 2% to 3% water, and urea is added 0.15-0.2kg after spraying, spraying once every 10 days or spraying. The 0.2%-0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution was sprayed twice consecutively from late August on an interval of 7-10 days, and an appropriate amount of other fertilizers containing N, P, K, and trace elements could also be sprayed.
(six) timely and late
The suitable harvest period is early October.
Deeply ploughing and improving soil and lay a good foundation for high yield
Soil or cropland with deep soil, drainage and irrigation conditions, medium or medium fertility should be selected. After harvesting wheat, it is urgent to plant peanuts, and it is not easy to plough the soil. Deep-ploughing 30 cm can be used in combination with organic fertilizers before wheat sowing.
Former fertilization and fertility
Wheat fields that are directly seeded with peanuts after the planned wheat harvest should be combined with tillage before the wheat is sown. The amount of fertilizer used per acre for the former manure should reach 3,500-4,500 kilograms of quality circle fertilizer, 25-30 kilograms of urea, 55-60 kilograms of calcium phosphate, 25-30 kilograms of potassium sulfate, or compound fertilizer equal to or more than the amount of fertilizer.
Fine soil preparation and rational fertilization
After the wheat harvest, seize the time to set up the site, Shizu base fertilizer. 3,500-4,500 kilograms of soil-fertilizer per acre, 10-12 kilograms of pure nitrogen for chemical fertilizers, 8-10 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxide, and 10-12 kilograms of potassium oxide. According to the abundance of soil nutrients, appropriate increase in calcium fertilizer and boron, zinc, iron and other trace element fertilizer application. Fertilizer types should be combined with quick-acting and long, slow-acting fertilizers. After the wheat is harvested, spread the above fertilizer on the surface, then plow 20-25 cm, and then use a rotary plow to beat 1-2 times, break the wheat stubble, and make soil loose, ground level, fine soil, and fertilizer. , footsteps.
Selected seeds and pesticides
Select high quality wheat varieties suitable for late sowing, dwarfing and early maturing. Peanuts use good-quality early-maturing or medium-early-mature peanut varieties with high yield potential, good quality, and comprehensive resistance. Peanut shelling before shelling 2-3 days before sowing, shelling 7-10 days before sowing. According to the occurrence of underground pests and root rot rot with peanut seed coating agent "Cola" and Green Eagle 25% chlorpyrifos microcapsule coating.
Preemptive early broadcast, ensure sufficient density
After the harvest of the former buckwheat, it should be planted as early as possible, the sooner the better, and strive to sow before June 10, at the latest not later than June 15. Large peanuts have a density of 10,000-11,000 holes per mu, and small peanuts have 11000-12000 holes, sowing 2 seeds per hole.
According to the standard to do 畦, improve the quality of the film
The ridge distance is 80-85 centimeters, the ridge height is 10-12 centimeters, the ridge width is 50-55 centimeters, and the ridge spacing is 30-35 centimeters. To change the trapezoidal ridge slope to a rectangular ridge slope, so that the ridge slope and the ground are nearly vertical. The mulch film is a black or coloured plastic film with a width of 90 cm and a thickness of not less than 0.004 mm. According to the points of laminating film, improve the quality of the coating film, spray evenly Jin Dole 90-100 ml or acetochlor 120-150 ml per mu, and add 800 times wettable carbendazim to kill 60 kg of phage bacterium liquid . After the film is covered, a 5 cm thick soil cover is placed over the sowing row. Mechanized film is the best condition to use, and ridging, sowing, spraying herbicides, covering film and other processes are completed once.
Strengthen field management
(I) Timely release of seedlings
When the peanut seedlings break through the mulch to reveal the true leaves, the soil pods on the sowing line are promptly withdrawn into the furrows. Where there is a lack of cavities, replanting in a timely manner, the seeds should be primed and a small amount of water be poured when replanting. For the lack of pressure on the sowing line above the film, peanut seedlings can not automatically break through the film, artificial membrane rupture seedlings. Fangmiao should be conducted before 9 o'clock in the morning or after 4 o'clock in the afternoon. The specific method is to open a hole with a diameter of 4 to 5 centimeters above the seeding hole and cover a 4 to 5 centimeter mound on the round hole. When the seedlings are exposed again and the seedlings are basically seeded, the earth mound on the membrane hole is promptly withdrawn into the ditch. The lateral branches below the mulch were buried in time from the four leaf stage to flowering.
(B) pay attention to drought, drainage
Summer peanuts are very sensitive to drought and can not be affected by drought at any time. Especially during the period from late July to early August, the stage of full needles and a large number of fruit needles is a critical period of water demand. When drought occurs, it should be timely irrigated. At the same time, summer peanuts are also afraid. Buds, seedlings, should pay attention to drainage.
(c) Timely prevention of pests and diseases
1. When controlling the locusts at the seedling stage, when the locust strain rate reaches 20%, use 30% Keziling 2000 times solution or 10% imidacloprid 4000 times solution, or 40% chlorpyrifos emulsion solution 1000 times solution, and the amount of liquid used per mu is 40. -50 kg.
2. In the middle stage of growth, the bollworms and cockroaches are mainly controlled: 2.5 kg of phoxim granules or 2.5 kg of 10% chlorpyrifos and 20 kg of fine sand are applied to the main stems of the plants during spreading or seedling cultivating. During the scarring period, piers were filled with 40% phoxim emulsion or 40% chlorpyrifos emulsion or 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 1000 times solution. Helicoverpa armigera: spray with 50% phoxim 1000-1500 times, 1.8% abamectin 2000-3000 times, or 10% imidacloprid 4000 times.
3. In the later period, the control of leaf spot disease in the field has reached 6% to 8% of the diseased leaf rate, spraying, spraying once every 10-15 days, and spraying 2-3 times. Commonly used agents include 72% agricultural streptomycin sulfate soluble powder, 1.5% polymycin wettable powder, 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder, and 50% carbendazim wettable powder.
(d) Preventing prosperous growth and lodging
The growth of peanuts began to increase at the flowering stage. When the planting period is as high as 35 cm and the daily increase of the main stem is more than 1.5 cm, the fungicide diniconazole is sprayed on the leaves in a timely manner 700-800 times and sprayed 2 or 3 times. , interval 7-10 days. The severely plotted plots can be controlled for the third time.
(five) spraying fertilizer to prevent premature aging
In the middle and late period of peanut breeding, the concentration of superphosphate is 750-1000kg per 2% to 3% water, and urea is added 0.15-0.2kg after spraying, spraying once every 10 days or spraying. The 0.2%-0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution was sprayed twice consecutively from late August on an interval of 7-10 days, and an appropriate amount of other fertilizers containing N, P, K, and trace elements could also be sprayed.
(six) timely and late
The suitable harvest period is early October.
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