How to distinguish fungal diseases, bacterial diseases and virus diseases
Distinguishing the three diseases of fungal diseases, bacterial diseases and virus diseases is very important for prevention and control, especially for the control of pharmaceuticals. Many peasant friends have reported that prevention and treatment are not effective, often because they do not make a clear distinction between what is the disease and how to fight it. For example, bacterial leaf spot occurred on tomatoes, but the fungicidal carbendazim and thiophanate-methyl were mistakenly sprayed.
The fungi that can make crops sick are some filaments. Bacteria are single cells. Viruses are molecular organisms without cell structures. Their metabolism and temperament are very different, and the agents used to treat them are different.
To distinguish between fungal, bacterial, and viral diseases, the first is to look at the types of symptoms. The changes of the diseased plants are divided into five types: decay, necrosis, discoloration, wilting, and malformation. There are many kinds of fungi, and different fungi can cause the above five types of diseases. The most common ones are necrosis and rot, such as corn leaf spot, wheat leaf blight, cabbage black spot and other forms of leaf spot, necrosis. Wilt and root rot are formed on the roots or stems. Bacteria usually damage the cell wall, so it mainly causes rot and wilting. Virus-invading plants generally do not kill plants at once, mainly by altering the plant's growth and development, causing changes in plant color or shape, which we call discoloration and malformation.
Fungi and bacteria can cause rot, but the rot caused by bacteria often produces lots of water and rotten into a mud. The rot caused by fungi is dry and moist, and often grows with a variety of color mold layers or black. Points, small black tablets. The other difference is that the rot caused by bacteria causes odors, the fungal disease does not have odors, and the clothing has mildew or even aromas of fermentation.
If it also causes leaf spot, there is a method of differentiation. Bacteria destroy the cell walls and cell membranes of plants, which make them transparent. Therefore, the lesions of bacterial diseases are very much like flooding or oil immersion. The edges are somewhat transparent. Under wet conditions, bright yellow beads can be seen at the diseased sites. Bacteria pus. The fungal disease will grow some moldy layers or small black particles. The surface of the viral lesions is not long.
In addition, the distribution of the three diseases in the field will be different due to differences in the mode of transmission. Bacteria and water are closely related, and the distribution of bacterial diseases is often related to running water, flooding, and raindrops. Virus diseases are often related to the activities of insect-infecting insects. Observing the distribution of diseases in the field can also indirectly predict the type of disease.
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