How to fertilize how to fertilize sweet potatoes?

First, the sweet potato planting selection seedbed:

First of all, we must implement the planting area for spring and summer planting, and determine the nursery address. The conditions are leeward and sunny, high terrain, good drainage, proximity to water sources, and convenient management. Followed by the choice of seedbed land, open soil nursery or nursery selection of fertile soil, there is no salt and alkali, such as the seedbed is a permanent sacrifice, strict disinfection before use, bed soil update, to prevent the spread of disease. The organic fertilizer and the golden treasure microbial fertilizer are applied in advance. The organic fertilizer can be used after the chicken manure, cow dung, and other human and animal manures are fermented and decomposed after the fermentation of the golden treasure organic fertilizer, and the amount of 1000 kg per mu is used. The golden babe microbial fertilizer is mainly composed of Bacillus and Bacillus. Trace elements can improve the soil, promote the absorption of fertilizers, promote disease resistance and promote long-term effects. The amount of 2-3 kilograms per acre can be used to fertilize and turn to the ground. The seed amount per acre of seed potato is generally not less than 50 kg. From the aspects of saving seed potatoes and seedbed area and cultivating strong seedlings, each standard bed (5 meters in length and 1.7 meters in width) is about 150 kg. That is about 20 kilograms of potatoes per square meter. According to the planting area, the number of seed potatoes, the number of seedbeds or the land required for seedling cultivation and the construction of beds, such as plastic film, grasshopper, fuel, and other materials for heating and heating materials, are implemented.

Second, sweet potato planting seed selection and scheduling:

1. The standard of seed potato: The skin color is bright and smooth, the potato block is disease-free without injury, and it is not affected by chilling and wet damage (the head and tail of the potato block are dry and dry, the potato skin is broken, the potato meat is dark, and the water is wet. There are black spots in the meat. The bright white flesh of the potato is normal. Seed potatoes must be selected in three choices, that is, when the pit is selected, when disinfecting and soaking seeds are selected, when the seeds are selected on the bed, the diseases, injuries, and sub-standard potato pieces are removed as much as possible.

2. Calculate the time for raising seedlings: The time for growing potato seedlings must be linked to the time for planting the fields. It is not good to be too early or late. Rows are too early to be planted in the fields because of the low temperature, so that the phenomenon of “miao and other places” is formed and the quality of the potato seedlings is reduced, which will inevitably affect the growth of the seedlings. If the planting is too late, it will result in the situation of “land and other seedlings”, and ultimately it will be a late crop reduction. Generally speaking, it is better to control 25-30 days before the local planting period. Shandong Province can choose to raise the seedlings at the end of March or early April. Nursery seedlings should be properly nursed in advance. If the number of seedlings is small, or there are no conditions and techniques for high-temperature germination, the seedlings can be seeded directly without high-temperature germination, but the seedling time should be about 10 days in advance. Yangshuo and bow shed nursery, from the seedlings to the first seedlings, the general year takes 40 days. The open field nursery should be carried out about 60 days in advance. The timing of planting was determined according to the climate of each region, and planting time in Daejeon was pushed forward for 40 days. The southern part of Shandong Province is generally between mid-March, which is the “shock-equinox”. The high-temperature germination of potato seeds, 7-8 days after seeding can be Qi Qimiao, without high temperature germination of the seedlings after 20 days out of Qimiao, and then after 20 days picking seedlings. Summer sweet potato planting does not require nursery, the spring sweet potato vine head part of the 25--30 cm as a seedling, and dilute the root of Jinbao root seedlings diluted 500 times for 10 minutes to soak the root of the root, more easily rooted, the survival rate is high, the knot early.

3. Seeding methods and density: When sorting, pay attention to distinguish between head and tail and avoid inverted rows. That is generally the top (head) of the skin darker, more juice, less fine roots. The tail has a light skin, many fine roots, and the base of the fine root extends downwards. It is best to separate the seeds when they are planted; in order to ensure the emergence of seedlings, the seedlings should be kept in alignment. The large pieces of burial were deeper, and the smaller ones were shallower, so that the tops of the yam pieces were all on a level, so that the seedlings were neat and tidy. There are three kinds of emission crops: oblique, flat, and straight. Flat seed potatoes are generally used in the open field nursery. When the seeds are arranged, the head and the tail are connected successively. The left and right sides are left with some gaps, which can make the potato seedlings grow vigorously, and the emergence is also uniform. Before the seeding, dilute the 500-fold liquid with the gold treasure rooting agent to soak the seed potatoes for more than 10 minutes, which is conducive to seedling and strong seedlings.

The so-called "seedling" refers to the amount of seedlings that meet the criteria for strong seedlings to satisfy all the fields needed for planting in the short term. To achieve timely use of one or two seedlings to plant the field, use at least 50 kg per acre. Seed size is generally 150-200g more appropriate.

Third, sweet potato planting seedbed management

The basic principle of seedbed management is "to urge the main, to supplement the refinery, first to promote after refining, condensing combined."

1. Maintaining the appropriate temperature for different periods The temperature control during the seedling stage is divided into three stages: high temperature germination in the early stage, long seedling in the medium temperature, and low temperature hardening in the later stage. The temperature observation time is once in the morning, evening and evening. The key to seedbed management is the control of temperature. The temperature after seedling and before germination should be controlled at 35~37°C, 30~35°C after germination, and controlled at 25~30°C after unearthing of potato seedlings. Potato seedlings grew fastest at 25 °C, the strongest, slow growth below 20 °C, lower than 15 °C, and basically stopped growing above 35 °C.

(1) Early high-temperature germination: from the row of seeds to potato sprouts, mainly to urge. It is required that the bed temperature be properly increased and that there is sufficient moisture and air to encourage seed germination. The temperature of the bed should be raised to about 30 degrees Celsius before the seed tube is discharged. After the seeds are planted, the temperature of the bed is raised to 35 degrees Celsius, maintained for 3-4 days, then dropped to 32-35 degrees Celsius within a week, and the minimum should not be lower than 28 degrees Celsius, acting as a germination and preventing disease. The seedbed without heating equipment must also take effective measures to increase the temperature inside the bed.

(2) Mid-term temperature and long seedlings: From the time that the potato seedlings are flushed to 3-4 days before the seedlings are harvested, the temperature is appropriately reduced, and the number of seedlings and the growth rate are still the main ones, but do not allow the seedlings to grow too fast. Pay attention to proper temperature control and avoid overheating. The temperature in the previous stage is not less than 30 degrees Celsius, and gradually decreases to 25 degrees Celsius later. Grasping the principle of urging and refining, the combination of the two.

(3) Late low-temperature hardening: close to the field 3-4 days before planting, the bed temperature is reduced to close to the atmospheric temperature, the hotbed stops heating, and the film and other cold insulation facilities are uncovered overnight, allowing the potato seedlings to undergo natural temperature conditions. To improve its ability to adapt to nature, so that the potato seedlings are old and healthy.

2. Watering: Watering according to the needs of the growth of the potato seedlings and the wet conditions of the bed soil. Before the seedlings are planted, they must be irrigated with water before covering the soil. Then cover the soil. Look for the situation before emergence. When watering, use the golden treasure rooting agent and dilute 1000 times to water and irrigate the roots. The interval time can be about 7 days. It can promote Miao Qi, Miao Zhuang, Miaolv and Miao Miao. After the emergence, as the potato seedlings grow and ventilate the sun, the water consumption increases, and the amount of watering is appropriately increased. After the seedlings are flushed, they are poured one more time. After a seedling has been planted, it is watered immediately. There is no shortage of water in the high temperature period, and there is not much water in the low-temperature refining seedlings, so that bed soil is often kept dry, wet and dry on the bed, and wet and dry on the bed. The temperature in the early stage of nursery is low, the time of watering is selected in the morning, and the high temperature in the later period is changed in the morning and evening. In the three stages of nursery (priming, long seedlings, hardening seedlings), the relative humidity of the bed soil was kept at 90%, 80%, and 70%, respectively. Before the emergence of the humidity is very sensitive, humidity is too large, it is easy to cause hypoxia rotten species (symptoms are rotten, from outside to rotten), humidity is too small, easy to cause high-temperature roasting (symptoms are dry rotten, potato block first rotten skin , from the outside to rotten.) Seed humidity 7 to 10 days should be checked, every 5 days to see, when the inspection can not just look at the surface, depends on the humidity around the potato, especially under the potato,

3. Ventilation, ventilation, and drying are important conditions for cultivating strong seedlings. After all the seedlings are flush and the new leaf begins to develop, open the ventilation hole or support the membrane ventilation on both sides of the seedbed from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. in clear and warm weather (to avoid cold weather). Cut the seedlings for 3-4 days before cutting. , Take the method of drying during the day and cover it at night to achieve the purpose of ventilation and light curing. Pay attention to strong sunlight in the noon, do not expose too fast and too fierce, so as not to hurt the seedlings. Throughout the nursery period, proper ventilation should be provided for oxygen, and it should not be closed too tightly. When the seedling height is 15 cm, ventilation is started. The hole is opened first according to the wind direction. The south wind is opened from the north of the seedbed. The north wind is opened from the south and the hole is increased every day. It is opened during the day and closed at night. After 3 to 5 days, the cover film and grasshopper are all uncovered, and the seedlings stay up late, and the seedlings can be picked 4 to 5 days later. When hardening the seedlings in case of strong cold or rain and snow weather, it should be covered in a timely manner, insulation and antifreeze.

4. Top-dressing: The supply of nutrients in the seed potatoes themselves and in the bed soil has been decreasing, and it is necessary to top-dress. The quantity, method, frequency and time of topdressing should be determined according to the specific conditions of nursery. Seedlings and nurseries in the open field have a longer growth period and require more fertilizer. Fertilizers are dominated by nitrogen fertilizers, such as cake fertilizers, nitrogen fertilizers, or animal manure. The method of direct application or dilution after water application shall be used to select chemical fertilizers without dew on the seedlings so as to avoid chemical fertilizer sticking to leaves and to “burn” the potato seedlings. If there is residual fertilizer on the blade, it should be shaken or cleaned in time. Such as topdressing urea, generally no more than 250 grams per 10 square meters. Immediately after topdressing, water and quickly exert the fertilizer effect.

5. Picking the seedlings: When the potato seedlings grow to a height of 25 cm, the seedlings must be collected in time and planted in the field. If the length is not enough, the seedlings are crowded, and the seedlings below the seedlings are difficult to grow normally, which will reduce the number of seedlings emerging from the next seedling. There are two methods for cutting seedlings: cutting and seedling. The advantage of cutting seedlings is that there are no wounds on the seed potatoes, reducing the spread of disease infections, will not pull out the seed potatoes, damage fibrous roots, and facilitate the growth of potato seedlings. Pay attention to seedbed disease prevention. After picking seedlings, seedlings are first soaked with roots and roots with gold oysters, which is conducive to the recovery and survival of seedlings.

6. Choose strong seedlings: The organization of strong seedlings is substantial, the roots are thick and well developed, and they survive fast after being planted. They have strong resistance to stress and high yields. According to the research results, the yield of first-class strong seedlings is more than 10% higher than that of secondary seedlings, and the yield of third-grade weak seedlings is reduced by about 10%. The rate of small plants after planting also increases significantly. The criteria for strong seedlings and comprehensive local experience are mainly: 30-35 days of seedling age, leaf stretch and thick, moderate size, dark green color, 100 seedling weight 750-1000 g, seedling length 20-25 cm, stem diameter about 5 Millimeters, there is no aerial roots on the stems of the seedlings, and there are no diseased seedlings. Need to separate strong and weak seedlings after cutting, and put them separately to see the seedlings for management. For details, please contact Beijing Huaxia Kangyuan Technology Co., Ltd.

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