Jute rot

Symptoms are also known as stem blight, stem blight, stem blight, stalk rot and so on. It is an important disease in the production of jute. Seedling stage, adult stage can be disease. The cotyledons in the seedling stage were dying with yellowish brown, and many small black spots appeared on the cotyledons. Young stem disease caused by tripping or seedling height 10-25cm, irregular yellow lesions on the lower leaves, after expanding into a strip of ulcers, causing seedlings dry. The stem is infected with a nascent brown fusiform spot, which can extend around the whole stem. The diseased part shows dense black spots, ie, pathogenic conidia. The roots and lateral roots of infected roots were dark brown and rotted. The shoots were wilting and gradually turned brown from bottom to top. The whole plant eventually became dry. A lot of fine sand-like black sclerotia are formed between xylem and bast fibers. The cortex of the diseased part was easily peeled off to reveal filamentous fibers.

Pathogen Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. Synonyms M.phaseoli (Maubl.) Ashby called bean shell spores, is a fungus of the fungus Subgenie fungus. The conidia are spherical to oblate spheroids with a diameter of 100-200 μm. They are buried under the epidermis of the host and penetrate the surface of the epidermis. Conidia are long ellipsoid to ovate, unit cells are colorless, size 16-296-11 (μm). Sclerotia black, nearly circular to irregular shape, diameter 50-150μm. The growth of this strain is 30-35°C, and it is lethal at 55°C for 10 minutes. Relative humidity is optimal from 96% to 100%. The optimal pH of mycelium growth was pH6.8 and pH5.8-7.5 was conducive to spore germination.

Transmission Path and Pathogenic Conditions Germs and sclerotia have been overwintering in the soil with diseased bodies and become the source of infestation early in the year. The conidia produced by the disease department were reinfected by wind and rain. The disease is a high-temperature and high-humidity disease, and the temperature of 30°C is subject to rain or high-humidity conditions. Round fruit species are susceptible to disease; low-lying areas, high humidity, or frequent flooding in the field are serious.

Control methods (1) Selection of resistant varieties such as JRc-918 and JRC-1108 in India. (2) Strengthen the administration of Ma Tian, ​​carry out reasonable rotation, preferably with rotation crops of grass crops or beans; low-lying land should be promptly drained to prevent moisture retention; dry season or plots should be timely irrigation. (3) Biological control In recent years, some actinomycetes have been found to have antagonistic effects on the bacterium, and the fungus made from oil cake can be used in production. In addition, Trichoderma viride can be parasitized on the mycelia of the bacterium. When Trichoderma viride is dominant in the soil, the pathogen is difficult to establish and can be tested in production. (4) Chemical control See jute anthracnose.

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