Key points for high-efficiency cultivation techniques of alpine sweet corn in Jingning County
Today, how do you plant alpine sweet corn? Sweet corn is also known as fruit corn. This type of corn is golden and bright, and contains rich nutritional value. At high altitudes, the temperature difference between day and night is large, but the light is sufficient. In order to increase the yield of sweet corn, it is necessary to adopt scientific planting techniques according to the characteristics of the alpine region to provide guarantee for the quality of sweet corn planting.
First, the selection
When planting alpine sweet corn, the purpose of planting should be clarified, and the appropriate variety should be selected according to the specific climatic conditions and land type. If corn cultivation is used for fruit and vegetable sales, you can choose to strengthen sweet corn or super sweet corn seeds when you choose the seed; if the corn grown is the raw material for canning, then you should pay attention to the number of particles in the variety, you can choose High yield sweet corn varieties. In addition, in the process of sweet corn selection, the varieties with high sugar content and full fruit should be preferred.
Second, sowing
(1) Alpine sweet corn planting elevation
When planting alpine sweet corn, the best choice is in the 1000-1400 m range. Mainly due to the cultivation of sweet corn in low-altitude areas, although the growth cycle is short, but the drought pests are serious, the corn is prone to premature aging and slag, and it is not easy to store after harvest; while the high seabed area is planted with sweet corn, although the storage time in the field is slightly longer. And outsourcing leaves green, but the growth cycle is too long, and the green is late.
(2) Sowing period
Normally, alpine sweet corn is planted only once a year, and a few low-altitude areas can be planted two times. Sweet corn is very picky for the sowing period. If the sowing period is too early, the underground temperature is low, it is easy to cause germination and emergence time, and the seedlings are vulnerable to frost; but if the sowing period is too late, it is easy to suffer from low temperature attack in the late stage of corn growth. Not conducive to the ripening of sweet corn. There is such a proverb in the high mountains: "There is no way to go to the summer, only to feed the ox."
(3) Seed treatment
1. Soaking seeds. The seed must be soaked before the sweet corn is germinated. First, the boiling water and the cold water are mixed in a ratio of 1:1, and then the selected sweet corn seed is placed in the water, and the water surface is preferably 20-25 cm above the seed height. Before planting, 0.5kg 50% phoxim emulsion and 35-50kg of water can be used for seed dressing, which can control pests such as cockroaches and cockroaches. In addition, the soaking water temperature must be controlled at 25-28 ° C, after immersion for 3-5 h, when the seeds fully absorb the water expansion, immediately remove the germination.
2, germination. When the temperature reaches about 25 ° C, it is the best time for germination of sweet corn seeds. The specific steps are as follows: remove the seeds after soaking and draining the water, place them in a tile basin or a mat, and then cover with a layer of damp cloth or wet straw, and place it in a suitable temperature for germination. At the same time, it is necessary to measure the temperature of the seed pile every 3 hours or so, to ensure that the temperature is kept at about 20 °C, and to turn up and down to adjust the air temperature. When about 40%-50% of the seeds appear white, they can pick up the buds.
(4) Seeding methods
There are two ways to sow alpine sweet corn: live and nursery. Among them, the film cover is mainly broadcasted in the following two types: First, the film is punched after the film is first applied. Secondly, the film is first sown after seeding. When the seedlings are unearthed, they should be ruptured in time to remove them. If not, the phenomenon of burning seedlings may occur. Sweet corn seeds are not full of ordinary corn seeds, and the ability to unearth is slightly inferior. Therefore, it is advisable to choose shallow sowing when planting, with a seeding depth of 2-3 cm. It should be noted that the depth, the thickness of the soil and the strength of the repression must be consistent at the time of sowing, and the seeds sowed in each period can be matured at the same time. There are two types of seedlings: seedlings and nutrition.
Third, field management
In order to increase the yield of alpine sweet corn, fertilization is especially critical, especially for base fertilizers and seed fertilizers. The base fertilizer is usually mixed with 50 kg of superphosphate and 2000 kg of farmyard manure plus water for a pile of sorghum. Excavate two shallow ditch at the kneading surface before sowing, then apply the decomposed base fertilizer to the shallow ditch, and then apply 40 kg of compound fertilizer per mu of corn on the base fertilizer as the seed fertilizer for the corn roots to absorb the fertilizer, then Cover with 6 cm of thick soil, sowing according to the preset plant spacing, and then covering 4-5 cm of thick soil [1]. In the field management of alpine sweet corn, special attention should be paid to the seedlings and seedlings. In the process of carrying out the seedlings, the principle of “light-deep-shallow†should be followed, and it is generally carried out three times. That is to say, shallow cultivating is carried out at 4-5 leaves, and the depth is generally maintained at about 3 cm. When 6-7 leaves are reached, the depth of cultivating should be appropriately deepened and kept at about 10 cm. Appropriate shallow cultivating is also carried out after jointing, and the depth is still kept at 3 cm. At the same time, the soil moisture should be fully guaranteed before the jointing to facilitate the sweet ear and spike.
Fourth, pest control
During the growth and development of corn, special attention should be paid to the prevention of foraging and the barley of the seedlings in the sowing period and before harvesting. In the seedling stage, it is necessary to prevent the infestation of the roots and leaves of the mites and armyworms. Usually choose 1200-1500 times of trichlorfon to water the soil. You can also add 1kg of 90% trichlorfon crystals to the appropriate amount of water and mix 50-100kg of rice bran or bran. Sprinkle 4-8kg per 667m2 to the ground. The pests are trapped. In the growth period of sweet corn in the alpine, attention should be paid to the pests such as corn borer and aphid. In the big bell stage, 90% 1500-2000 times liquid trichlorfon spray can be used to control aphids and aphids; 1000-1500 times deltamethrin is used. Control the armyworm. It should be noted that no pesticides can be sprayed within 10 days before corn harvest.
In summary, in order to improve the yield of alpine sweet corn, it is necessary to carry out detailed analysis of planting technical points, and use scientific means to promote the yield of alpine sweet corn, thereby improving economic benefits and promoting the better development of alpine sweet corn.
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