Melon cultivation techniques
2021-03-18 13:22:25
1. The selection of land and soil preparation is a deep-rooted plant, and the roots can be 1-2 meters deep in the soil. Therefore, it is better to choose the soil with deep, loose and fertile land in the sunny area. The soil quality should be loam or sandy loam. You can also use the front of the house, trees, ditch and other places. Saline-alkali land and easy-to-eat waterways are not suitable for cultivation. Before soil preparation, 3,000 kg of farmyard fertilizer was applied per acre as a base fertilizer, and 20 kg of superphosphate was added to the soil. 15-20 days before sowing, 75% wettable cotton powder was applied to disinfect the soil. The flattened land does not generally need to be used as a rake, but a drainage ditch should be opened around the land.
2. Propagation methods can be used for seed and root division, but the production is mainly rooted, and seed propagation is often used when harvesting pollen grains and breeding new varieties.
(1) Reproduction by roots. The north is from April to April, and the south is from October to late December. Dig for 3-5 years old, robust, disease-free pests, small segments 3-5 cm in diameter, planted at 30 cm spacing, 1.5-2 m row spacing, 10-12 cm deep, with a few roots per hole, covered with soil 4- 5 cm, compacted by hand, then Peas 10-15 cm, make a small mound, in order to facilitate the protection. After germination begins about 20 days after planting, the top soil is removed. Need to root 30-40 kg per acre. In this method, it should be noted that the roots of the female plants should be selected for the seedling roots, and the roots of some male plants should be appropriately matched for pollination. In addition, old roots with yellow ribs are not easy to survive and sprout, and should not be used for rooting.
Gualou has the characteristics of being planted for many years to benefit, but it is generally replanted after 5 years.
(2) Seed breeding. When the fruit is ripe, select orange, strong and full fruit, short stem ripe fruit, cut in half from the pedicle, remove the internal ridge, rinsing out the seeds, and air dry. In late March-April, select full, non-pest-tolerant seeds, soak them in warm water of 40-50°C for 24 hours, remove them and dry them, mix them with 3 times wet sand, and then set the temperature at 20-30°C to germinate. When the seeds are cracked, they can be sowed at a distance of 1.5 to 2 meters from the hole, 5 to 6 centimeters deep, 5 to 6 seeds per hole, 3-4 centimeters of cover soil, and watered to keep the soil moist for 15 to 20 days. Emergence.
3. Field management
(1) Weeding and weeding. Every spring and winter, each cultivator weeds. During the growth period, depending on the breeding conditions of weeds, timely weeding.
(2) Dressing and irrigation. In combination with cultivating and weeding, the application of livestock manure water is mainly applied, and superphosphate should be added in winter. Watering in time when dry.
(3) scaffolding. When the stalk grows to more than 30 cm, a bamboo pole can be used as a support for scaffolding, and the scaffolding height is about 1.5 meters. It can also lead to nearby trees, slopes or intercropping high stalk crops to facilitate climbing.
(4) Pruning and fighting. While straddling the vines, remove excess vines and keep only 2-3 strong vines per plant. When the main vine grows to 4-5 meters, the top buds are removed and the lateral branches are promoted. The stems on shelves should be promptly sorted and distributed evenly.
(5) Artificial pollination. Melon pods are naturally low in seed setting rate, and artificial pollination is used. The method is simple and can greatly increase production. The method is: using a brush to collect the pollen of the male flower in a Petri dish, and then use a brush to pick up the pollen, and apply it to the stigma of the female flower.
2. Propagation methods can be used for seed and root division, but the production is mainly rooted, and seed propagation is often used when harvesting pollen grains and breeding new varieties.
(1) Reproduction by roots. The north is from April to April, and the south is from October to late December. Dig for 3-5 years old, robust, disease-free pests, small segments 3-5 cm in diameter, planted at 30 cm spacing, 1.5-2 m row spacing, 10-12 cm deep, with a few roots per hole, covered with soil 4- 5 cm, compacted by hand, then Peas 10-15 cm, make a small mound, in order to facilitate the protection. After germination begins about 20 days after planting, the top soil is removed. Need to root 30-40 kg per acre. In this method, it should be noted that the roots of the female plants should be selected for the seedling roots, and the roots of some male plants should be appropriately matched for pollination. In addition, old roots with yellow ribs are not easy to survive and sprout, and should not be used for rooting.
Gualou has the characteristics of being planted for many years to benefit, but it is generally replanted after 5 years.
(2) Seed breeding. When the fruit is ripe, select orange, strong and full fruit, short stem ripe fruit, cut in half from the pedicle, remove the internal ridge, rinsing out the seeds, and air dry. In late March-April, select full, non-pest-tolerant seeds, soak them in warm water of 40-50°C for 24 hours, remove them and dry them, mix them with 3 times wet sand, and then set the temperature at 20-30°C to germinate. When the seeds are cracked, they can be sowed at a distance of 1.5 to 2 meters from the hole, 5 to 6 centimeters deep, 5 to 6 seeds per hole, 3-4 centimeters of cover soil, and watered to keep the soil moist for 15 to 20 days. Emergence.
3. Field management
(1) Weeding and weeding. Every spring and winter, each cultivator weeds. During the growth period, depending on the breeding conditions of weeds, timely weeding.
(2) Dressing and irrigation. In combination with cultivating and weeding, the application of livestock manure water is mainly applied, and superphosphate should be added in winter. Watering in time when dry.
(3) scaffolding. When the stalk grows to more than 30 cm, a bamboo pole can be used as a support for scaffolding, and the scaffolding height is about 1.5 meters. It can also lead to nearby trees, slopes or intercropping high stalk crops to facilitate climbing.
(4) Pruning and fighting. While straddling the vines, remove excess vines and keep only 2-3 strong vines per plant. When the main vine grows to 4-5 meters, the top buds are removed and the lateral branches are promoted. The stems on shelves should be promptly sorted and distributed evenly.
(5) Artificial pollination. Melon pods are naturally low in seed setting rate, and artificial pollination is used. The method is simple and can greatly increase production. The method is: using a brush to collect the pollen of the male flower in a Petri dish, and then use a brush to pick up the pollen, and apply it to the stigma of the female flower.
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