Organic soybean fertilization technology
Organic soybeans are one of the crops that require more fertilizer. Fertilization plays an important role in the high quality and high yield of soybeans. Therefore, fertilization should be considered based on its trait characteristics, soil fertility and cultivation measures. Under normal circumstances, each production of 100 kg of soybean seeds requires absorption of 7.0-9.5 kg of nitrogen, 1.3-1.9 kg of phosphorus, and 2.5-3.7 kg of potassium. Among them, nitrogen is most needed, followed by potassium, and sufficient trace elements such as sulfur, copper, molybdenum, boron and zinc are needed. Part of the nitrogen needed for soybeans comes from the fixed nitrogen of soybean roots, partly from soil and fertilizer.
In the seedling stage, the nitrogen absorbed by soybean only accounts for 4% of the total amount, and the absorption of nitrogen increases during the flowering and pod-forming period, accounting for 19% of the total, and the absorption of nitrogen by the pod-forming and granulation period is larger. About 70% of the total amount, after the blasting period, the absorption of nitrogen basically stops. The phosphorus absorbed by soybean from the emergence to the early flowering stage only accounts for 15% of the total, the flowering and pod-forming period accounts for 60%, and the pod-to-drum phase accounts for 20%. The absorption of potassium accounts for 32% of the absorption of the whole life from emergence to flowering. During this period, the absorption of potassium is higher than that of nitrogen and phosphorus, and the flowering to the granule stage accounts for 62% of the total amount of potassium absorbed. The period only accounts for 6%. In short, the pod-forming period is the period in which soybeans absorb most nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients, and the absorption rate is fast. If the fertilizer supply is insufficient, soybeans are prone to de-fertilization.
1, micro-fertilizer seed dressing. Rhizobium powder seed dressing: 20-30 grams of rhizobium powder and 250 grams of water per 5 kg of seeds, mix well with seeds and powder in the pot, dry and sown. Micro-fertilizer seed dressing: Before planting, weigh 5-10 grams of ammonium molybdate per 5 kg of seeds, fully dissolve ammonium molybdate with 250 g of warm water, then spray the fertilizer on the seeds to make the fertilizer and seeds fully contact and dry. After drying, you can sow. For plots with boron deficiency or zinc deficiency, seed dressing should be carried out with 0.05% borax solution or 0.1% zinc sulfate solution.
2. Apply enough base fertilizer. It is better to use organic fertilizer for the cultivation of spring organic soybeans. Generally, 2000-3000 kg of high-quality farmyard manure per mus is used, and a small amount of chemical fertilizer can be used. Due to the tight time, summer soybeans can be based on quick-acting organic fertilizers or chemical fertilizers. In the land with low soil fertility, 6-7 kg of nitrogen should be applied per acre, and 10-12 kg of phosphorus and potassium should be applied. For the fertile land, the nitrogen application rate should be 4-5 kg, and phosphorus and potassium should be 8-10 each. Kg, plowed after spreading.
3, skillfully apply top dressing. Organic soybean topdressing should be carried out on the ground and in the seedlings. For the plots where the base fertilizer or base fertilizer is not applied, the topdressing should be carried out in time. Generally, 3-4 kg of urea per mu or 10-15 kg of hydrogen carbonate and 20 kg of superphosphate are used. Potassium fertilizer 10 kg. Nitrogen fertilizer can be chased half at the seedling stage and early flowering stage. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be chased early, and the method of topdressing should be applied as a ditch; for the land where the base fertilizer is applied, it should be topdressed according to the growth of each stage. The seedlings are weak and yellow, and the nitrogen fertilizer can be supplemented in an appropriate amount to prevent premature aging. The flowering and pod-forming period is the period when soybeans require the most fertilizer. The quick-acting fertilizer should be applied 5-7 days before flowering, and 2-5 kg ​​of urea and 7-8 kg of potassium fertilizer can be applied per mu to ensure the growth of plants during this period. The need for nutrients.
4, roots outside the fertilizer. The entry of organic soybean into the flower pod stage requires a period of most nutrient elements. After the drum stage, the root system of the plant begins to age, and the absorption capacity decreases. Soybeans often cause early decay due to lack of fertilizer. Soybean leaves have a strong absorption capacity for nutrients. Foliar spray fertilizer can prolong the functional period of the leaves, and has a significant effect on the bulging of the granules. Generally, the yield can be increased by 10-20%. The method is as follows: 1 kg of phosphate can be used for 1 kg or 0.5-1 kg of urea or 1.5-2 kg of superphosphate, or 0.2-0.3 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 50-60 kg of water, sprayed on sunny evening (such as The superphosphate should be pre-soaked for 24-28 hours, then filtered and then sprayed. The sprayed part is preferably the back of the blade. Spray once every 7-10 days from the beginning of the pod, even spray 2-3 times.
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