Potatoes will ignore the disease prevention

Potatoes growing year after year in the village of Debu Town, Xiaogan City, Hubei Province, were harvested in the previous autumn. The appearance of potatoes in the early autumn was neat and tidy, and the disease in mid-stage was stagnated. In fact, potatoes have late blight and early blight, which are caused by Phytophthora infestans and Alternaria solani. These pathogens mainly survived winter and summer in the potato roots of diseased potatoes that remained in the soil. After sowing, potato infested young shoots and young stems to form a diseased central diseased plant. At low temperature and high humidity (temperature 18-22 °C, humidity 90% or more), plants are susceptible to disease. Colonization of the fungus was caused by invading wounds, buds, and lenticels of the tuber. In the early stage of disease, there was a dark brown spot on the edge of the plant leaf, and a slightly concave brown stripe appeared on the stem. If the diseased leaves are not removed in time and the diseased plants are removed, ten or ten spreads will result, causing the potato seedlings on the ground to be wilted and dead. The underground potatoes will produce brown or light purple spots and become pink dry rot. Hard or internal wet rot decay (early blight potato skin dark brown round or near-circular depression spots, brown sponge-like subcutaneous dry rot). The outbreak of late blight in Debu town was mainly due to the fact that the growers used the potatoes as “pipping skin” crops for a long period of continuous cropping. They did not conduct seed and soil disinfection, and they did not timely prevent and control the brewing bitter fruit after the onset. We must take this as a warning and plant it scientifically. First, choose disease-resistant varieties, and pick healthy potatoes without diseased fields as seeds. For example, Inner Mongolia's "Wumong", Heilongjiang's "Kexin", Beijing's "Tigerhead" and "Yuejin" series of disease-resistant varieties. Second, the seed disinfection. Variable temperature soaking: Pre-soaking in warm water at 40-50°C for 1 minute, then soaking in warm water at 60°C (1:4 ratio of seed and warm water) for 15 minutes. Drug soaking: soaking for 7 minutes with 72.2% Prokary or 70% Kelu (800x solution) and air dry to sow. Third, the rotation. The epidemic disease is the common species of yam and solanaceous crops, and soil-borne disease is transmitted. To reduce the incidence of disease and reduce the disease, it is necessary to carry out 3-4-year rotations with crops that do not cause epidemics such as Cucurbitaceae, Leguminosae and Liliaceae. Fourth, soil disinfection. In the case of potatoes grown in vegetable fields where yam and solanaceous fruits have been planted, strict soil disinfection must be carried out. Method: First remove the stems and leaves of the previous crop, turn the soil deeper by more than 20 cm, remove the residual roots (tubers) in the tillage layer, and then use 50% carbendazim WP 2 kg mixed lime per acre 20- 30 kilograms, 40-60 kilograms of plant ash are thrown into the field. When planting, sprinkle 30% 40% pentachloronitrobenzene with 90-150 kilograms of dry fine soil around the potatoes. Fifth, rational fertilization, scientific management. Base fertilizer and top dressing should be applied rationally. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium should be properly matched, and organic fertilizers must be fully decomposed. Timely cultivating, weeding and earth-cultivation, protecting potato roots and tubers are not exposed and are not injured. Six, chemical control. Epidemics are often rapidly onset and mad. It is necessary to carry out investigations and find that the diseased leaves and diseased plants are immediately removed and destroyed, and the spraying of pesticides is quickly prevented. Commonly used agents in addition to Formosam, Sensen Zinc, Bordeaux fluid, thiophanate-methyl, there are the following: 1, prevention of late blight: 72.2% Prec 800 times; 64% antiviral 500 times; 47% A Renong 600-800 times; 72% Kelu 600 times. 2, prevention and control of early blight: 50% fluocin 1000 times; 77% can kill 500 times; 75% chlorothalonil 600 times; 64% antiviral 500 times. Apply once every 6-7 days, spray 3-4 times.

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