Technical measures to improve egg shell quality

Eggshell quality is a very important indicator to measure the production performance of breeder chickens and layer chickens. It is closely related to the incubating rate, hatching rate, chick quality, and fresh egg production and economic benefits of breeder eggs. Related. As the quality of egg shells declines, the economic losses caused to many chicken farms are quite serious. The technical measures to improve the quality of egg shells are described below. Feeding calcium and phosphorus with appropriate calcium and phosphorus proportions is the main nutrient factor affecting eggshell quality. The calcium content in the diet is low, and the proportion of thin shell eggs and soft shell eggs in laying hens is significantly higher, but calcium content is too high, which not only affects palatability, but also affects eggshell quality and egg production rate. Phosphorus is related to the elasticity of egg shells. The metabolism of calcium is closely related to the metabolism of phosphorus. Both too high and too low phosphorus affect the ratio of calcium and phosphorus in the feed, resulting in absorption of calcium and making the egg shell thin and soft. Therefore, the ratio of calcium and phosphorus in the complete feed for laying hens must be appropriate. The best dietary calcium level is 3.3%~3.8%, the maximum amount cannot exceed 4%, the total phosphorus content is 0.6%, the ratio of calcium to phosphorus is between 4:1 and 6:1. In addition, the protein in the diet It is also very important whether the content is sufficient for calcium absorption in laying hens. Protein hydrolysate amino acids can form soluble calcium salts with calcium, thereby enhancing calcium absorption. Therefore, the protein content in laying hens should not be lower than 16.5%. Supplementing Vitamin D Vitamin D is a vitamin that is required for the synthesis of calcium-binding proteins, activation of bone calcium metabolism, and enhancement of intestinal phosphorus absorption and renal phosphorus metabolism. The lack of vitamin D directly affects the ability of intestinal epithelial cells to absorb calcium. As a result, laying hens may experience decreased egg production, and soft shell eggs and shelled eggs increase. Therefore, supplemental feeding of vitamin D is required for laying hens so that the amount of vitamin D in the diet can reach 1500 IU/kg. The formation of sodium bicarbonate eggshell is affected by the pH, and the higher alkaline content in the feed is beneficial to the formation of egg shells. Since chlorine and sodium affect the level of phosphorus in the serum, which is directly related to the quality of the shell, the ratio between them must be considered in the diet. If the chlorine in the blood is too high, make it acidic, causing the egg The quality of the shell decreases, whereas if the sodium is too high, it is beneficial to improve the quality of the shell, so it is best to add chlorine-free sodium salt in the feed. According to the research of researchers of British ICI company, sodium bicarbonate was continuously added in the feed at different levels of 0.1% to 1% for 8 months. The results showed that the egg production rate was increased in all the sodium bicarbonate groups, and the eggshell strength was Increase 8%. Therefore, it can be seen that the addition of a certain amount of sodium bicarbonate to the feed can improve the quality of the eggshell. Avoid scaring chickens is very sensitive to various stress factors. Chickens are very timid and frightened. Sudden sounds, shaking lights and bright colors can all cause a layer of eggs to cause fright, cause damage to eggs and reduce eggshell quality. Tests have shown that noise exceeds 50 dB, egg breakage increases, noise at 90 dB continues for 3 minutes, and egg breaking rate reaches 3% to 5%. Therefore, the chicken farm should be built in a quiet place away from roads and residential areas. Nighttime light observations showed that most soft-shelled eggs or shellless eggs were produced before noon, and this difference was related to the lack of light received by the hens during eggshell formation. The egg produced at noon, most of the eggshell formation time at night, decreased intracellular calcium conversion, resulting in inadequate calcification of the eggshell. Tests have shown that adding 2 hours of light at night can significantly increase eggshell thickness and reduce egg breakage. Light intensity is generally 5 ~ 10 lux is appropriate, too strong light easily lead to chicken discomfort, resulting in increased shelled eggs. Strengthen the management of chickens in the later period of laying hens to reduce the absorption and retention of calcium, affect eggshell quality. Strengthening the rearing and management of laying hens is very important to increase the egg production rate and reduce the breakage rate. Adding 0.01% to 0.015% of vitamin AD powder in feed is necessary to promote the absorption of calcium in laying hens. In addition, calcium supplementation time and manner also affect the absorption of calcium in laying hens. The hens can only obtain calcium in the eggshell within 16 hours of calcification in order to form high-quality egg shells. Most hens form eggs in the afternoon. Into the eggshell glands, if the calcium supply is insufficient in the afternoon to dusk, it will affect the eggshell calcification. According to the experiment, the method of calcium supplementation in the afternoon for the hens in the late stage of laying eggs can greatly improve the quality of egg shells and reduce the damage of eggs. Strengthening disease prevention and control Strengthening disease prevention and control is a prerequisite for ensuring high-yield, stable production of egg hens and reducing egg breakage. There are many diseases that cause deterioration of eggshell quality, such as Newcastle disease ND, infectious bronchitis IB, egg drop syndrome EDS-76, chicken fatigue syndrome, salpingitis, chronic digestive system diseases, and so on. An inactivated ND+IB+EDS oil emulsion vaccine was inoculated before the laying hens were placed in the house, and the internal and external environment of the house was regularly sterilized. During the rainy season and the sudden drop in temperature, 0.05% oxytetracycline powder can be added to the feed to enhance the disease resistance of the birds and prevent disease infections. Timely treatment of diseased chickens.

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