Prevention and Control of Maize Head Smut

Smut is commonly known as Umi, and is harmful to corn, sorghum, wheat, rice and other crops. The silk black ear is an important disease on corn and sorghum. It is infested by the system and infects once a year. Chlamydospore can survive in soil for 4 years, mainly by soil, manure, and seeds. Due to the favorable climatic conditions in recent years, coupled with the lack of prevention and control in previous years, and the abundant bacterial sources in the field, the disease has been more serious in Liaoning Province, which has greatly affected corn production. First, the basic situation of disease occurrence According to statistics, in 2004 in Liaoning Province, the incidence of corn smut occurred close to 4 million acres. The incidence of resistant varieties is below 1-3%, and the incidence of susceptible varieties is 10-60%. 1, favorable weather conditions. First, the warm winter weather in our province in winter has been very favorable for the wintering of pathogenic bacteria. Second, the seeding period is low, the soil is dry, the seeds remain in the soil for a long time, and the maize emergence is slow, which increases the chance of pathogen infection. In addition, in recent years, the temperature in our province is abnormally high in early May, and the precipitation is scarce, which is conducive to the invasion and development of germs. The incidence is heavier. 2. Long-term continuous cropping will make the disease worse. Corn is the main crop of our province. Difficulties have been caused. The pathogens have accumulated year after year, and encountering suitable climatic conditions has caused morbidity. In the survey, it was found that the same variety, the corn sown at the same time, was soy, the incidence rate was 1%, and the former was corn, and the incidence rate was 12%. 3, there are differences in disease resistance. During the survey, it was found that there were significant differences in smut of corn between different varieties. 4, ignore the seed dressing. Since farmers do not master the law of the occurrence of head smut, do not do seed treatment, white seeds down to the ground to provide a favorable condition for the invasion of bacteria. In addition, seed dressings are not the right way, and they are mostly pesticides for controlling underground pests and seedling diseases. They have poor control effects on smut, leading to morbidity. Second, prevention and control recommendations 1, selection of disease-resistant varieties. The main measures for the prevention and control of smut in corn are mainly disease-resistant varieties. The technical departments at all levels must do a good job in selecting and recommending varieties, and must resolutely eliminate species that have proven to be resistant to diseases for many years. 2, agricultural measures. Intensive cultivation, timely robbing sowing or film coverage, to promote early emergence, strong seedlings; diseased plants found in the field before the timely removal of diseased ears and concentrated destruction. 3, rotation down. For the severely affected plots, crop rotation must be carried out and crops such as soybeans, corn, and sorghum should be cropped to reduce the incidence of disease. 4, drug treatment. The use of pesticides such as Rikenxi and Subaoli, which have good control effect against head smut, was used for seed dressing. Specific usage: 10 kg corn seed with 2% Rikenxi wet seed dressing agent 30 g or 2% speed Baoli WP 20-25 g seed dressing, the disease can be increased in areas with appropriate dose.

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