Precocious and efficient cultivation of watermelon in double-layer greenhouse in early spring
2021-02-12 12:24:30
In Dongtai City, the hometown of watermelon, the planting area of ​​watermelon is 230,000 mu, of which 50% is cultivated in double-layer greenhouses. Compared with single-layer greenhouses, watermelons are cultivated in double-layer greenhouses in early spring. The market is 30 to 40 days ahead of schedule, yields 5,500 to 6,000 kilograms per mu, and increases production by 1,500 to 2,000 kilograms. The output value per mu is 10,000 to 11,000 yuan, an increase of 4,500 to 5,000 yuan. With an increase of 1280 yuan, the net income of MU increased by 3200~3680 yuan.
Set up greenhouses to choose sandy loam soils that have not been planted and polluted within 3 years. Set a double-layer greenhouse with bamboo (3 cm in diameter) in the north-south direction 30 days before planting. Bamboo is buried 30 to 40 cm at a distance of 1 meter. The inner shed is 4 meters wide and the scaffold is covered with 6 meters wide ordinary agricultural film; the outer shed is 4.5 meters wide; the top film on the scaffold covers a 5.2 meters wide drip-free membrane; the skirt film is 1 metre wide; the inner and outer greenhouse can be used as a top layer The spacing is 20-25 cm, the distance between the bottom of the inner and outer greenhouses is 15-20 cm, the height of the greenhouse is 1.6-1.8 meters, and the length is 50-150 meters. Sound around the ditch.
Variety selection Select early spring red jade, special Xiaofeng, Xiaolan, Jingxin No. 1, super winter and spring and other high-quality gift watermelon varieties.
Seedling nursery soaked in mid-January, germination, in the greenhouse with 80 to 100 watts per square meter, 70 holes per mu prepared tray 12, use "Tian Liang" brand or "Lu Qing" brand organic and inorganic composite substrate 20 kg. Pre-emergence greenhouse temperature maintained at 28~32°C during the day and 20~22°C at night. When the seedlings were 70%, the bed mulch was peeled off in time; the cotyledon flattened to 22–25°C during the day after breaking and the night time was 15~18°C; When the leaves are properly raised, the temperature is maintained at 25~27°C during the day and 19~20°C at night. Appropriate replenishment at seedling stage, water temperature 30 °C; timely 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder (800 times liquid) plus 70% thiophanate-methyl WP (800 times liquid) spray disease prevention. 5 to 7 days before transplanting to cool and control humidity, to avoid the formation of Wang Miao. Seedling age 30 days, 2 leaves 1 heart colonization.
10 days before the establishment of a proper close planting plant, the larvae shall be planted within the shed, with a width of 1.8 meters and an aisle of 0.5 meters. Per acre with 96% metolachlor EC 50 ml or 48% singapeutic EC 100 ml water 40 kg uniform spray, and then in the preparation of planting row next to the dropper, flattening the mulch in the diaphragm. The temperature of 10 cm above the shed is above 12°C, and the minimum temperature is above 8°C. Select the fine cold weather in the first end of the first planting, climbing style cultivation, 1.8 meters wide planting a row in the middle of the row, spacing 0.33 to 0.35 meters, 700 to 750 per acre, after pouring planting water Huanzuo.
Fertilizer management and cultivation of high-quality watermelon, should adhere to the full application of organic fertilizer, increased phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. The basal fertilization was applied as a full-layer application, combined with site preparation before winter, 1500-2000 kg of chicken manure per acre, 200-250 kg of cooked cotton cake or cabbage, and the upper layer of fertilizer was 50 kg of superphosphate; % 50 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (without potassium chloride). After pollination by the second female flower, when the young melon begins to expand, 20 kg of urea and 10 kg of potassium sulfate are applied per mu. The watering of the young melons is noticed. After the first batch of melons were picked, 15 kg of urea and 10 kg of diammonium phosphate were applied under the plastic film on the inside of the lower limbs.
Pruning small watermelon early growth is weak, fruit shape is small, should stay more vines and more fruit. Usually there are two pruning methods: First, to leave the main vine pruning, in addition to leaving the main vines, and then choose to stay in the base of 2 to 3 strong cranberries, remove the remaining vines and Sun vines, and finally retain vine pruning 3-4. The second is the pruning and pruning method. When the main vines have 5 to 6 true leaves, they are plucked. After the vines are pumped, 4 to 5 closely growing vines are grown in parallel, and the rest of the vines or vines are completely removed. The fruit type watermelon adopts a pair of double vine pruning method. In order to improve the product rate and fruit setting rate of watermelons, the second female flower is usually selected for artificial pollination, and the pollination is conducted at 8 to 10 o'clock in the morning on a sunny day, and the pollination is uniform, and no leakage may be granted. It is worth noting that large-area cultivation of red jade watermelon in early spring should be accompanied by the cultivation of watermelon varieties that provide enough pollen for similar growth periods. After watermelon is set, it is necessary to pay attention to thinning the fruit and removing the deformed fruit. Generally, the first batch of melon should be selected and left as one.
Adjust the temperature 5~7 days after colonization of watermelon seedlings, maintain the daily temperature at 28~30°C, 16~18°C at night, maintain the daily temperature at 26~28°C after the vegetative growth stage of the seedlings, and flowering result period at 30~32°C; The lowest temperature in mature period is 20°C, and the highest temperature is 35°C. The first lot of melons were listed and removed from the inner shed. When the outside temperature exceeds 25°C, the apron membrane can be removed from the outer shed, but the top shed of the outer shed should not be removed, so as not to cause watermelon cracking even in rainy weather.
Disease Prevention and Control Pest control attention to diseases such as blight, sclerotia, gray mold, anthrax, aphids, and whiteflies.
Timely harvesting of the first batch of melons matured within 32 days of pollination, and the second and third batches of melon matured about 25 days after pollination. Grading, packaging, listing.
Set up greenhouses to choose sandy loam soils that have not been planted and polluted within 3 years. Set a double-layer greenhouse with bamboo (3 cm in diameter) in the north-south direction 30 days before planting. Bamboo is buried 30 to 40 cm at a distance of 1 meter. The inner shed is 4 meters wide and the scaffold is covered with 6 meters wide ordinary agricultural film; the outer shed is 4.5 meters wide; the top film on the scaffold covers a 5.2 meters wide drip-free membrane; the skirt film is 1 metre wide; the inner and outer greenhouse can be used as a top layer The spacing is 20-25 cm, the distance between the bottom of the inner and outer greenhouses is 15-20 cm, the height of the greenhouse is 1.6-1.8 meters, and the length is 50-150 meters. Sound around the ditch.
Variety selection Select early spring red jade, special Xiaofeng, Xiaolan, Jingxin No. 1, super winter and spring and other high-quality gift watermelon varieties.
Seedling nursery soaked in mid-January, germination, in the greenhouse with 80 to 100 watts per square meter, 70 holes per mu prepared tray 12, use "Tian Liang" brand or "Lu Qing" brand organic and inorganic composite substrate 20 kg. Pre-emergence greenhouse temperature maintained at 28~32°C during the day and 20~22°C at night. When the seedlings were 70%, the bed mulch was peeled off in time; the cotyledon flattened to 22–25°C during the day after breaking and the night time was 15~18°C; When the leaves are properly raised, the temperature is maintained at 25~27°C during the day and 19~20°C at night. Appropriate replenishment at seedling stage, water temperature 30 °C; timely 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder (800 times liquid) plus 70% thiophanate-methyl WP (800 times liquid) spray disease prevention. 5 to 7 days before transplanting to cool and control humidity, to avoid the formation of Wang Miao. Seedling age 30 days, 2 leaves 1 heart colonization.
10 days before the establishment of a proper close planting plant, the larvae shall be planted within the shed, with a width of 1.8 meters and an aisle of 0.5 meters. Per acre with 96% metolachlor EC 50 ml or 48% singapeutic EC 100 ml water 40 kg uniform spray, and then in the preparation of planting row next to the dropper, flattening the mulch in the diaphragm. The temperature of 10 cm above the shed is above 12°C, and the minimum temperature is above 8°C. Select the fine cold weather in the first end of the first planting, climbing style cultivation, 1.8 meters wide planting a row in the middle of the row, spacing 0.33 to 0.35 meters, 700 to 750 per acre, after pouring planting water Huanzuo.
Fertilizer management and cultivation of high-quality watermelon, should adhere to the full application of organic fertilizer, increased phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. The basal fertilization was applied as a full-layer application, combined with site preparation before winter, 1500-2000 kg of chicken manure per acre, 200-250 kg of cooked cotton cake or cabbage, and the upper layer of fertilizer was 50 kg of superphosphate; % 50 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (without potassium chloride). After pollination by the second female flower, when the young melon begins to expand, 20 kg of urea and 10 kg of potassium sulfate are applied per mu. The watering of the young melons is noticed. After the first batch of melons were picked, 15 kg of urea and 10 kg of diammonium phosphate were applied under the plastic film on the inside of the lower limbs.
Pruning small watermelon early growth is weak, fruit shape is small, should stay more vines and more fruit. Usually there are two pruning methods: First, to leave the main vine pruning, in addition to leaving the main vines, and then choose to stay in the base of 2 to 3 strong cranberries, remove the remaining vines and Sun vines, and finally retain vine pruning 3-4. The second is the pruning and pruning method. When the main vines have 5 to 6 true leaves, they are plucked. After the vines are pumped, 4 to 5 closely growing vines are grown in parallel, and the rest of the vines or vines are completely removed. The fruit type watermelon adopts a pair of double vine pruning method. In order to improve the product rate and fruit setting rate of watermelons, the second female flower is usually selected for artificial pollination, and the pollination is conducted at 8 to 10 o'clock in the morning on a sunny day, and the pollination is uniform, and no leakage may be granted. It is worth noting that large-area cultivation of red jade watermelon in early spring should be accompanied by the cultivation of watermelon varieties that provide enough pollen for similar growth periods. After watermelon is set, it is necessary to pay attention to thinning the fruit and removing the deformed fruit. Generally, the first batch of melon should be selected and left as one.
Adjust the temperature 5~7 days after colonization of watermelon seedlings, maintain the daily temperature at 28~30°C, 16~18°C at night, maintain the daily temperature at 26~28°C after the vegetative growth stage of the seedlings, and flowering result period at 30~32°C; The lowest temperature in mature period is 20°C, and the highest temperature is 35°C. The first lot of melons were listed and removed from the inner shed. When the outside temperature exceeds 25°C, the apron membrane can be removed from the outer shed, but the top shed of the outer shed should not be removed, so as not to cause watermelon cracking even in rainy weather.
Disease Prevention and Control Pest control attention to diseases such as blight, sclerotia, gray mold, anthrax, aphids, and whiteflies.
Timely harvesting of the first batch of melons matured within 32 days of pollination, and the second and third batches of melon matured about 25 days after pollination. Grading, packaging, listing.
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