Rice leaf melanosis

Symptoms are also known as rice leaf smut. The world is widespread, and rice fields in the central and southern parts of China are common. There are few rice fields in the north. In the past, the harm was lighter. In recent years, the occurrence of hybrid rice in local areas was widespread and serious. Infested leaves on both sides of rice leaves can be affected. The lesions are scattered or clustered with small brown spots at the beginning. They are intermittently linear along the veins, then slightly raised and become black. They are filled with a teliospore pile and are surrounded by uplift lesions. It turns yellow, and leaves the diseased leaves heavily covered. The leaves are yellow earlier and the tips of the leaves are broken into filaments.

The pathogen, Entyloma oryzae Syd, is called the rice leaf smut, which belongs to the Basidiomycotina fungus. The pathogenic teliospores heap is black oblong, scattered, some oval or nearly round, buried under the epidermis of the host, size 0.5-40.5-1.4 (mm). The teliosporites are suborbicular to polygonal, with a thick, dark brown, size of 7.5-12.57.5-10 (μm), giving rise to a short, stick-like, colorless, hyphae at the time of germination, a pale, pale olive rod to a spindle-shaped basidiospore. 3-8, the spores regenerate secondary microspores, arranged in a forked manner, the temperature limit of teliospore germination is 21-34°C, and the optimum temperature is 28-3°C.

Pathways and Pathogens of Germplasm with Winter Spores on Diseased or Diseased Grasses

winter. In the summer of the next year, germination takes place, and the spores and secondary spores are born, which spread through the wind and rain to invade the leaves. The lack of soil fertility, especially the lack of phosphorus, potassium deficiency field weight. The basal leaves of Tanabe, roadside or malnutrition plants are easy to be affected. The incidence of early maturing varieties is heavier than that of late-maturing varieties. The hybrid rice will begin to develop at the peak of childbirth, and individual plots will be heavy.

Prevention and control methods (1) Intensive disease areas advocate the selection of disease-resistant varieties. (2) The diseased rice straw should be composted as early as possible, and should be put into the field after being fully decomposed, adopting the formula fertilization technology and rational fertilization to prevent premature aging.

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