Stingray Artificial Feeding Technology
2024-11-02 14:01:09
Stingray, a local name Moding, is a genus of maggots, gills, stingrays. Mainly produced in the Yangtze River and its tributaries, most of the areas in China are distributed naturally, usually individuals about 0.3-0.5 pounds / tail, up to 1 pound / tail, because of its delicate meat and nutritious, delicious fish. For a long time, Stingray has been relied on natural fishing for its listing and it is rarely cultivated; it is mainly limited by the breeding techniques of seedlings. Therefore, the research on artificial breeding of stingrays was carried out. It has become a new breed of famous fish breeding in China, which has certain significance for the development and utilization of the famous economic fishes of the Yangtze River and its tributaries, and for promoting the development of the aquaculture industry in China.
Here we will discuss the breeding techniques of the stingray in light of the experience of experimentation in some places.
First, biological characteristics 1, morphological characteristics: back yellow-green, body is yellow and intermittent black patches, belly yellow or white fins are black, body length, flat belly, rear slightly flat, bare body Without phosphorus, the head is wide and flat, and the eyes are small on the front side of the head, the mouth is on the lower side, and the cracks are big. Must be 4 pairs, the amount to be long, the amount to be 2 external forehead should be longer than the inner forehead, dorsal fin spines, with caries, pectoral fins, dura mater strong.
2, living habits, stingrays are ground fish, like water in quiet or slow flow of water in the pond during the day in the bottom of the pool, foraging more at night. But after larvae emerged from the film, in fine weather, they prefer to cluster in the upper water body.
3. Feeding habits: Stingray is an omnivorous fish dominated by animal dippers. The larvae that have just been filmed for 3 to 4 days are bred with their own yolks. In natural conditions, they are rotifers and clumps at the seedling stage. Classes, otters and other aquatic insects feed on them. Artificially cultivated can be fed minced fish gravy and smashed minced meat not to wait, adult fish staple molluscs in the adult stage. Under artificial breeding conditions, animal feeds can be fed and artificial compound feeds can also be eaten, but it is better to use a mixture of both feeds.
4, ecological habits: Stingray adaptability is very strong, can be grown in China's north and south regions, resistant to hypoxia, the optimum growth water temperature 22 - 27 °C, the growth rate is slow, generally a one-year-old fish weighing 200 - 300g.
5. Breeding habits: sexual maturity is more than 2 years, males more than 3 years, during reproduction, males and females have obvious differences, females have an obvious genital process after the anus. Males have no such thing. Breed more suitable water temperature 24 - 26 °C, fertilized hatching water temperature 25 °C (72-80 hours hatched), the general fertility of 4500 - 5500 capsules / tail, egg sinking, is a viscous egg, it is best to use artificial insemination Method.
Second, fry cultivation:
It is best to cultivate water slowly. Small water bodies should have a water depth of 40cm. The bait should be dominated by leeches. The density should be 100 tails per square meter and cultivated to 3 to 5 centimeters per tail.
Third, adult fish breeding:
1. There are sufficient water sources for selection and clearing of fish ponds. The water and the water are of good quality. The fish ponds do not contain toxic substances. The pool shape is neat, and the best is east-west and rectangular. The area is 4,000 square meters and 5,300 square meters. Meter, easy to operate. The depth of the pond is 1.5 to 2 meters. The embankment is solid and does not leak water. The bottom of the pool is flat, with little silt, no brick and gravel, and no bushes. The pond is sunny and sunny.
Every winter, after fish ponds are pooled together or adult fish out of the pool, they drain the pond water, clean the sludge at the bottom of the pond, and trim the pond base to allow the ponds to be sunk and crack, which can accelerate the conversion of organic matter in the soil into nutrients and achieve The purpose of controlling and eliminating pests and diseases; at the same time, it facilitates the removal of weeds at the pondside and reduces the invasion of fish species by parasites and aquatic insects.
(1) There are two methods for clearing ponds with clear lime.
a) Dry Pond Clearance Pond: First drain the pond water (or leave 6cm to 9cm of water), use lime 150-200 kg per acre, and increase or decrease the amount of sludge at the pond bottom. When clearing poisonous ponds, first put the quicklime into the prepared agricultural boat and add water to emulsify. Do not wait for the cooling to immediately and evenly sprinkle the whole pool. Give full play to the disinfecting effect of lime. After clear ponds have disappeared after 7-10 days, the drug can be released. fish. Lime clear pond can kill wild fish, quail, aquatic insects, vertebral snails, grasshoppers, shrimps, crabs, blue mud moss, germs, parasites and eggs in hours, which is an ideal Clear Pond Drugs. Lime dry pond clear pond, when refilling new water, wild fish and diseases and insects enter the pond with water, in order to overcome this shortcoming, in the water should be taken when the filter measures.
b) Clearance pond with water: When the water depth is about 1 meter, 250-300 kg of lime shall be used for disinfection per acre. The disinfection method is the same as that for the dry pool detoxification method. This method does not require the addition of new water, thus preventing wild fish and diseases and insects from flowing into the pond with water, so its disinfection effect is better than the dry pond method.
(2) Bleached clear pond:
General bleaching powder contains about 30% of available chlorine, and its dosage is 30 kg/mu. First bleaching powder plus water-soluble, sprinkled throughout the pool, usually after the drug after 4 - 5 days of drug power completely disappeared. The bleaching powder has a strong bactericidal effect and can kill wild fish, cockroaches, aquatic insects, snails, and some river leeches. The disease-resistance effect is close to the lime-lime clear pond, and the useful drug amount is small, and the drug power disappears quickly, which is beneficial to the ponds. Turnover and other advantages, but did not use pool water to increase fertilizer effect.
2. Management in the growing process (1) The patrol pond often inspects ponds to observe the dynamics of pond fish. Check the pond three times a day early, middle, and evening. Observe whether there is floating head phenomenon in the pool of fish at dawn. In the daytime, combine the feed and measure the water temperature to check the fish activity and feeding conditions. Check the food intake of the whole day in the near dusk, whether there is leftover feed, whether there is floating head omens.
(2) Weeding and decontamination of the pond at any time to keep the water fresh and the environment of the pond clean and prevent the disease in time. Pond water quality is both fresh and high in oxygen. According to the fertilization situation and changes in water quality, the amount of fresh water is often injected in an appropriate amount to adjust the quality of water and water. At the same time, we must remove the residue from the water to cut off the poolside weeds to avoid polluting the water.
(3) Anti-escape to control the pool of water, keep the appropriate amount of water, prevent floods and droughts, and prevent fish from escaping. Usually with the growth of fish, combined with the adjustment of water quality, timely increase the amount of pond water.
3, feed stingray in the 3cm / tail, the main water-living organisms, if the aquatic organisms are insufficient, can be used instead of pure silkworm cocoon powder; 3cm, after eating artificial compound feed, then you can set two or More than two fixed-point feeders suspended in water, the number of feeders may be based on the size of the fish ponds and the number of fish. The feeding table can be made of a material that can be easily submerged in water, and a soft material such as a woven bag can be flatly woven on the table top. When feeding, the powdery food or pellets are added into water and kneaded into small groups of two to three sizes and thrown onto the stage to allow the fish to eat on the table. Feeding once a day in the morning and evening, each feed is basically suitable for food consumption. Under normal circumstances, the daily dosage is fed at 2% of the fish's body weight.
Fourth, fish disease prevention and control of yellow catfish disease resistance, aquaculture generally no serious illness. However, during feeding, the season, temperature, water quality, feeding, and scalelessness of the fish, and the bacteria and parasites in the pond can also cause local infections and parasitic parasites on the fish's body silk and various parts of the internal organs. Cause disease, which requires observation in the usual breeding, prevention of abnormal conditions in advance. Commonly used drugs:
1, insecticide: enemy killed. According to the concentration of 0.03ppm per cubic meter of water, the whole pool is splashed or spilled with a ratio of 0.15:0.05ppm of ferrous sulfate over sulfate. The above insecticides (such as ringworms, trichoides) are better for killing insects, but the two drugs can only be used alone, they cannot be used together or used interchangeably, and they cannot be overdosed.
2. Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents: Oral drugs (mixed into pellets in feed) sulfamethazine tablets, 15 to 20g of feed per 50 kg of bait, fed continuously for 3 days, fed 2 times daily or with furazolidone 10g plus Oxytetracycline 20g mix well into 100 kg bait, feeding 3 days continuously, feeding 2 times a day, can also be used oral penicillin capsules, feeding the material (5g) continuous feeding 3; days, day feeding 2 times, disinfection of fish 0.25% bleach or penicillin diluted soaked concentrated for 10 minutes, the above oral drug, the best is now with the current feed, with a feed for three days, avoid long put. The diseased fish mainly targets bacterial infections.
3, the treatment of hemorrhagic diseases: 100 kg of live salt/mu, whole pond sprinkling, at the same time every 50; kg of food with sulfathiazole 100g plus vitamin c10g mix in the material, feeding 3 days, 2 times a day . In the prevention and control of stingray fish diseases, generally speaking, refusal to use the trichlorfon insecticide will cause adverse consequences.
Here we will discuss the breeding techniques of the stingray in light of the experience of experimentation in some places.
First, biological characteristics 1, morphological characteristics: back yellow-green, body is yellow and intermittent black patches, belly yellow or white fins are black, body length, flat belly, rear slightly flat, bare body Without phosphorus, the head is wide and flat, and the eyes are small on the front side of the head, the mouth is on the lower side, and the cracks are big. Must be 4 pairs, the amount to be long, the amount to be 2 external forehead should be longer than the inner forehead, dorsal fin spines, with caries, pectoral fins, dura mater strong.
2, living habits, stingrays are ground fish, like water in quiet or slow flow of water in the pond during the day in the bottom of the pool, foraging more at night. But after larvae emerged from the film, in fine weather, they prefer to cluster in the upper water body.
3. Feeding habits: Stingray is an omnivorous fish dominated by animal dippers. The larvae that have just been filmed for 3 to 4 days are bred with their own yolks. In natural conditions, they are rotifers and clumps at the seedling stage. Classes, otters and other aquatic insects feed on them. Artificially cultivated can be fed minced fish gravy and smashed minced meat not to wait, adult fish staple molluscs in the adult stage. Under artificial breeding conditions, animal feeds can be fed and artificial compound feeds can also be eaten, but it is better to use a mixture of both feeds.
4, ecological habits: Stingray adaptability is very strong, can be grown in China's north and south regions, resistant to hypoxia, the optimum growth water temperature 22 - 27 °C, the growth rate is slow, generally a one-year-old fish weighing 200 - 300g.
5. Breeding habits: sexual maturity is more than 2 years, males more than 3 years, during reproduction, males and females have obvious differences, females have an obvious genital process after the anus. Males have no such thing. Breed more suitable water temperature 24 - 26 °C, fertilized hatching water temperature 25 °C (72-80 hours hatched), the general fertility of 4500 - 5500 capsules / tail, egg sinking, is a viscous egg, it is best to use artificial insemination Method.
Second, fry cultivation:
It is best to cultivate water slowly. Small water bodies should have a water depth of 40cm. The bait should be dominated by leeches. The density should be 100 tails per square meter and cultivated to 3 to 5 centimeters per tail.
Third, adult fish breeding:
1. There are sufficient water sources for selection and clearing of fish ponds. The water and the water are of good quality. The fish ponds do not contain toxic substances. The pool shape is neat, and the best is east-west and rectangular. The area is 4,000 square meters and 5,300 square meters. Meter, easy to operate. The depth of the pond is 1.5 to 2 meters. The embankment is solid and does not leak water. The bottom of the pool is flat, with little silt, no brick and gravel, and no bushes. The pond is sunny and sunny.
Every winter, after fish ponds are pooled together or adult fish out of the pool, they drain the pond water, clean the sludge at the bottom of the pond, and trim the pond base to allow the ponds to be sunk and crack, which can accelerate the conversion of organic matter in the soil into nutrients and achieve The purpose of controlling and eliminating pests and diseases; at the same time, it facilitates the removal of weeds at the pondside and reduces the invasion of fish species by parasites and aquatic insects.
(1) There are two methods for clearing ponds with clear lime.
a) Dry Pond Clearance Pond: First drain the pond water (or leave 6cm to 9cm of water), use lime 150-200 kg per acre, and increase or decrease the amount of sludge at the pond bottom. When clearing poisonous ponds, first put the quicklime into the prepared agricultural boat and add water to emulsify. Do not wait for the cooling to immediately and evenly sprinkle the whole pool. Give full play to the disinfecting effect of lime. After clear ponds have disappeared after 7-10 days, the drug can be released. fish. Lime clear pond can kill wild fish, quail, aquatic insects, vertebral snails, grasshoppers, shrimps, crabs, blue mud moss, germs, parasites and eggs in hours, which is an ideal Clear Pond Drugs. Lime dry pond clear pond, when refilling new water, wild fish and diseases and insects enter the pond with water, in order to overcome this shortcoming, in the water should be taken when the filter measures.
b) Clearance pond with water: When the water depth is about 1 meter, 250-300 kg of lime shall be used for disinfection per acre. The disinfection method is the same as that for the dry pool detoxification method. This method does not require the addition of new water, thus preventing wild fish and diseases and insects from flowing into the pond with water, so its disinfection effect is better than the dry pond method.
(2) Bleached clear pond:
General bleaching powder contains about 30% of available chlorine, and its dosage is 30 kg/mu. First bleaching powder plus water-soluble, sprinkled throughout the pool, usually after the drug after 4 - 5 days of drug power completely disappeared. The bleaching powder has a strong bactericidal effect and can kill wild fish, cockroaches, aquatic insects, snails, and some river leeches. The disease-resistance effect is close to the lime-lime clear pond, and the useful drug amount is small, and the drug power disappears quickly, which is beneficial to the ponds. Turnover and other advantages, but did not use pool water to increase fertilizer effect.
2. Management in the growing process (1) The patrol pond often inspects ponds to observe the dynamics of pond fish. Check the pond three times a day early, middle, and evening. Observe whether there is floating head phenomenon in the pool of fish at dawn. In the daytime, combine the feed and measure the water temperature to check the fish activity and feeding conditions. Check the food intake of the whole day in the near dusk, whether there is leftover feed, whether there is floating head omens.
(2) Weeding and decontamination of the pond at any time to keep the water fresh and the environment of the pond clean and prevent the disease in time. Pond water quality is both fresh and high in oxygen. According to the fertilization situation and changes in water quality, the amount of fresh water is often injected in an appropriate amount to adjust the quality of water and water. At the same time, we must remove the residue from the water to cut off the poolside weeds to avoid polluting the water.
(3) Anti-escape to control the pool of water, keep the appropriate amount of water, prevent floods and droughts, and prevent fish from escaping. Usually with the growth of fish, combined with the adjustment of water quality, timely increase the amount of pond water.
3, feed stingray in the 3cm / tail, the main water-living organisms, if the aquatic organisms are insufficient, can be used instead of pure silkworm cocoon powder; 3cm, after eating artificial compound feed, then you can set two or More than two fixed-point feeders suspended in water, the number of feeders may be based on the size of the fish ponds and the number of fish. The feeding table can be made of a material that can be easily submerged in water, and a soft material such as a woven bag can be flatly woven on the table top. When feeding, the powdery food or pellets are added into water and kneaded into small groups of two to three sizes and thrown onto the stage to allow the fish to eat on the table. Feeding once a day in the morning and evening, each feed is basically suitable for food consumption. Under normal circumstances, the daily dosage is fed at 2% of the fish's body weight.
Fourth, fish disease prevention and control of yellow catfish disease resistance, aquaculture generally no serious illness. However, during feeding, the season, temperature, water quality, feeding, and scalelessness of the fish, and the bacteria and parasites in the pond can also cause local infections and parasitic parasites on the fish's body silk and various parts of the internal organs. Cause disease, which requires observation in the usual breeding, prevention of abnormal conditions in advance. Commonly used drugs:
1, insecticide: enemy killed. According to the concentration of 0.03ppm per cubic meter of water, the whole pool is splashed or spilled with a ratio of 0.15:0.05ppm of ferrous sulfate over sulfate. The above insecticides (such as ringworms, trichoides) are better for killing insects, but the two drugs can only be used alone, they cannot be used together or used interchangeably, and they cannot be overdosed.
2. Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents: Oral drugs (mixed into pellets in feed) sulfamethazine tablets, 15 to 20g of feed per 50 kg of bait, fed continuously for 3 days, fed 2 times daily or with furazolidone 10g plus Oxytetracycline 20g mix well into 100 kg bait, feeding 3 days continuously, feeding 2 times a day, can also be used oral penicillin capsules, feeding the material (5g) continuous feeding 3; days, day feeding 2 times, disinfection of fish 0.25% bleach or penicillin diluted soaked concentrated for 10 minutes, the above oral drug, the best is now with the current feed, with a feed for three days, avoid long put. The diseased fish mainly targets bacterial infections.
3, the treatment of hemorrhagic diseases: 100 kg of live salt/mu, whole pond sprinkling, at the same time every 50; kg of food with sulfathiazole 100g plus vitamin c10g mix in the material, feeding 3 days, 2 times a day . In the prevention and control of stingray fish diseases, generally speaking, refusal to use the trichlorfon insecticide will cause adverse consequences.
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