What are the characteristics of spinach high-yield and high-quality fertilizer?
(1) Nutritional characteristics of roots: Spinach has a deeper root and is more developed. The main root is slightly thicker and slightly enlarged, and the upper part is red, which stores nutrients and is sweet and edible. The main root group is distributed in the 25-30 cm soil layer. Lateral roots are underdeveloped and are not suitable for transplanting.
Spinach has a wide adaptability to the soil, but the production of pollution-free spinach products has strict requirements on ecological and soil conditions. It is required that no cotton has been planted in the planting area for 3 years, and the conventional (non-nuisance-free) facility vegetables are continuously cultivated for less than 3 years to be planted in neutral or slightly alkaline loam with water retention, fertilizer retention, moisture, fertility and pH 6.0-7.5. Medium is suitable, acidic soil will poison the spinach and should not be cultivated.
(2) Spinach needs fertilizer dynamics: spinach has a short growth period, fast growth rate, high yield, and large amount of fertilizer. More nitrogen fertilizer is required to promote leaf plexus growth. In terms of the type of nitrogen fertilizer, the amount of fertilization and the time of fertilization, spinach is a typical vegetable with nitrate-nitrogen fertilizer. When the ratio of nitrate nitrogen to ammonium nitrogen is higher than 2:1, the yield is higher, but the ammonium fertilizer will be applied alone. It inhibits the absorption of K and Ca, and causes ammonia damage to affect its growth. However, the application of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer alone, although the plant growth is large, but the energy consumed in the reduction process is too much; in low light, the absorption of nitrate nitrogen may be inhibited, resulting in insufficient nitrogen supply. Daejeon has the highest yield of nitrate-nitrogen application at 150-200 kg/ha. Although the fractional fertilization can increase the dry matter content of the plants, the dry and fresh yield per unit area of ​​all nitrogen fertilizers before sowing is the highest, and the number of nitrogen application increases.
Nitrogen fertilizers have a great influence on the quality of spinach. Spinach, ammonium nitrate and urea are more soluble than nitrate nitrogen. The ratio of nitrate nitrogen to ammonium nitrogen is 7:3 or 5:5. When the concentration of nitrogen is 4-8 mmol/L, although the plant growth is small, the sugar and Vc content are increased, and the nitrate and oxalic acid contents are also low. When the nitrogen concentration is below 20%, the nitrogen concentration in the plant is positively correlated with the oxalic acid content. Oxalic acid is synthesized by reduction of nitrate (Shanshan Shino, etc.).
Spinach is one of the vegetables with a high nitrate content. Spinach mainly absorbs nitrate nitrogen (70% of total nitrogen in the xylem is nitrate nitrogen), and then is reduced to nitrite or ammonium salt in the plant and reused. Therefore, the content of nitrate in spinach depends on the available nitrogen form and content in the soil, the absorption and transportation of nitrate by the plant, and the reduction of nitrate. Any factor affecting these processes will affect the nitrate content of spinach.
Studies have shown that slow-acting nitrogen, organic nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen both reduce the nitrate content of the plant and reduce the yield. Compared with urea, calcium nitrate increases the dry matter yield of spinach and also significantly increases the nitrate content.
Phosphate fertilizer has little effect on the nitrate content of spinach, but generally it can increase the yield while reducing the nitrate content. Potassium can inhibit the reduction of nitrate, and the application of potassium fertilizer increases the nitrate and yield of spinach, but the spinach with potassium chloride is lower than the nitrate content of spinach with potassium sulfate.
Sodium, calcium and magnesium have no direct effect on the nitrate content of spinach. However, lime application increases the yield of spinach while inhibiting the nitrate content. When the soil is deficient in molybdenum, the application of molybdenum fertilizer can reduce the content of nitrate in spinach. The lack of manganese and copper can lead to reduced spinach production and increased nitrate. The lack of boron also increases the nitrate content of spinach.
Soil type, soil pH, ecological factors and climatic conditions all affect the nitrate content in spinach. Mineralization, nitrification, nitrogen leakage and denitrification in soil are closely related to soil type and pH. Spinach has a low nitrate content at pH 5.5-6.0 compared to soil conditions at pH 4.5-5.0. The nitrate content of spinach grown in sand is higher than that in clay.
Under normal circumstances, when the fertilizer is insufficient, the vegetative organs of the spinach plants are not developed and can be twitched early, thus affecting the yield of the commodity.
The soil available phosphorus content is high, and the spinach yield is high; the addition of phosphate fertilizer can increase the yield of spinach in most cases.
In most cases, the addition of potassium fertilizer can increase the yield of spinach. Moreover, the effect of potassium sulfate is generally better than that of potassium chloride.
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