Application of supercritical fluid extraction in food and Chinese herbal medicine
2019-07-19 10:03:10
Supercritical fluid (SCF) refers to a fluid above the critical temperature and critical pressure. A state that is higher than the critical temperature and the critical pressure and approaches the critical point is referred to as a supercritical state. The principle of the supercritical fluid extraction separation process is to use the relationship between the solubility of the supercritical fluid and its density, that is, the effect of pressure and temperature on the solubility of the supercritical fluid. In the supercritical state, the supercritical fluid has good fluidity and permeability, and the supercritical fluid is contacted with the substance to be separated, so that the components of polarity, boiling point and molecular weight are selectively extracted sequentially. come out. Of course, the extract obtained for each pressure range may not be single, but it is possible to control the condition to obtain a mixed component of a good ratio of zui, and then to make the supercritical fluid into a normal gas by means of decompression and temperature rise, and the extracted substance is Completely or substantially precipitated to achieve the purpose of separation and purification, so the supercritical fluid extraction process is a combination of extraction and separation. The picture on the left shows the DIG-MAZ series of vacuum solvent extraction equipment from Natex.
Schematic diagram of the characteristics and process of supercritical CO2 extraction:
The critical temperature of CO2 is 31.1 °C, the critical pressure is 7.4 MPa, and the critical conditions are easy to reach; the chemical properties are not active, colorless, odorless, non-toxic, and safe; the price is cheap, the purity is high, and it is easy to obtain. Therefore, CO2 is particularly suitable for the extraction of active ingredients of natural products. For the extraction of natural materials, the product is truly 100% engraved 烊 摹 摹 摹 摹 摹 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
1, can be extracted near room temperature (35-40 ° C) and CO2 gas envelope, effectively prevent oxidation and escape of heat sensitive substances, complete retention of biological activity, and can high boiling point, low volatility, easy pyrolysis The material is extracted below its boiling temperature.
2. Since no organic solvent is used in the whole process, the extract has no residual solvent, and it also prevents the poisoning of the human body during the extraction process and the pollution to the environment. 100% natural, in line with today's “green†and “return to nature†High quality pursuit.
3, control process parameters can be separated to obtain different products, can be used to extract a variety of products, especially for the extraction of pure natural products from natural plants, animal bodies and the extraction of Chinese herbal medicine.
4. Heavy metals, inorganic substances, dust and the like in the raw materials are not taken out by the dissolution of CO2.
5. The CO2 brought out when the product is discharged automatically escapes or retains some CO2 after the product enters the packaging container, and is sealed with a seal. As a preservative, the storage period can be extended.
6. Extraction and separation integration, the process is very simple.
7, easy to use computer monitoring, to ensure safety, to achieve unattended workshop.
8, in a closed high-pressure system, all bacteria are killed, the product is directly discharged from the separator to the packaging container, it is easy to pass GMP certification.
9, low energy consumption; hot water, cold water are all closed loop, no waste water, waste slag discharge. CO2 is also a closed loop, which only takes a little when discharging, and does not pollute the environment.
10. Due to low energy consumption, low user use and low material consumption, the operating cost is very low.
Based on the above characteristics, supercritical CO2 extraction is particularly suitable for the following fields:
The extraction of precious spices in plants - does not change the fragrance of the fragrance, the yield is high, the quality is good.
Extraction of natural medicines - extraction of whole extracts and essential oils from natural herbs.
Extraction of natural health products in natural materials - such as sea buckthorn oil, wheat germ oil, lecithin and the like.
Removal of caffeine in coffee and tea and production of caffeine.
Extraction and purification of DHA and EPA in fish oil.
Removal and extraction of nicotine from tobacco.
Others - such as separation and refining of oil products, high-pressure polymerization environmental engineering, fine ceramics and printing and dyeing.
The supercritical CO2 extraction process usually consists of an extraction phase and a separation phase: firstly, in contact with the solid or liquid mixture to be separated under supercritical or subcritical conditions, the material to be extracted is extracted, and then the density of SC-CO2 is lowered, thereby The extract was separated. According to the characteristics of SC-CO2 density change with temperature and pressure, the common processes of SC-CO2 extraction can be divided into: isothermal depressurization method, isobaric heating method, adsorption separation method and the like. In addition to various batch processes, there have been many studies on continuous extraction.
Application in the food industry
The application in the food industry mainly involves two fields: one is that the conventional method cannot be extracted; the other is that the conventional method does not meet the quality requirements of high-grade products, mainly refers to the extraction and separation of natural substances.
There are many researches on the application of supercritical fluid extraction technology in foods, such as decaffeination of coffee and black tea; extraction of hops, extraction of spices, extraction of plant pigments and vegetable oils; degreasing of foods and raw materials; extraction of animal fats; softening and decolorization of alcoholic beverages, Deodorization; refining and deodorization of oils and fats; extraction of active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine; tobacco nicotine. High-quality food additive series with high value-added natural flavors, pigments and flavor substances produced by this technology have appeared in foreign markets. The application of supercritical CO2 extraction in the food industry in China has gradually moved from laboratory research to industrialization. The research work mainly focuses on the extraction of animal and vegetable oils, pigments, spices and food deodorization.
Application in the pharmaceutical industry
The extraction of effective pharmaceutical ingredients from animals and plants is still one aspect of the current application of SFE in the pharmaceutical industry. There are dozens of kinds such as begain, flavonoids, ginkgo flavonoids and evening primrose oil extracted from the seeds of Astragalus membranaceus, Passiflora leaves, Ginkgo biloba leaves and Evening primrose seeds. More research has been done on the extraction of pharmaceutical ingredients from various animals.
In addition, SFE also plays an important role in the analysis of pharmaceutical ingredients. Due to the high extraction efficiency and mild operating conditions of SFE, the requirements for the analysis and preparation of pharmaceutical ingredients are guaranteed, which has attracted the interest of scholars from all over the world.
Natex is a professional ultra high pressure extraction system equipment manufacturing and process research company in Austria. The company is engaged in research and development of ultra-high pressure extraction processes, research and production of equipment, and undertakes turnkey projects. At the same time, the company also undertakes the business of process research and development. The company's product range is from turn-to-turn with a trial scale of 5L/1000bar to the 13M3/325bar plant for rice processing, coffee and tea decaffeination. As the company's predecessor is the extraction process technology development department of SCHOELLER-BLECKMANNGmbH ultra-high pressure equipment company. Its technical backbone later became a major member of Natex. The leaders are also composed of technical professionals.
Since 1992, the company has conducted research and process optimization studies on the extraction of more than 300 herbs and natural flavors, which can provide strong technical support to customers. These include process development and process optimization. This is beyond the reach of any other mechanical equipment manufacturing company. The company can also develop new products for its customers.
Schematic diagram of the characteristics and process of supercritical CO2 extraction:
The critical temperature of CO2 is 31.1 °C, the critical pressure is 7.4 MPa, and the critical conditions are easy to reach; the chemical properties are not active, colorless, odorless, non-toxic, and safe; the price is cheap, the purity is high, and it is easy to obtain. Therefore, CO2 is particularly suitable for the extraction of active ingredients of natural products. For the extraction of natural materials, the product is truly 100% engraved 烊 摹 摹 摹 摹 摹 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
1, can be extracted near room temperature (35-40 ° C) and CO2 gas envelope, effectively prevent oxidation and escape of heat sensitive substances, complete retention of biological activity, and can high boiling point, low volatility, easy pyrolysis The material is extracted below its boiling temperature.
2. Since no organic solvent is used in the whole process, the extract has no residual solvent, and it also prevents the poisoning of the human body during the extraction process and the pollution to the environment. 100% natural, in line with today's “green†and “return to nature†High quality pursuit.
3, control process parameters can be separated to obtain different products, can be used to extract a variety of products, especially for the extraction of pure natural products from natural plants, animal bodies and the extraction of Chinese herbal medicine.
4. Heavy metals, inorganic substances, dust and the like in the raw materials are not taken out by the dissolution of CO2.
5. The CO2 brought out when the product is discharged automatically escapes or retains some CO2 after the product enters the packaging container, and is sealed with a seal. As a preservative, the storage period can be extended.
6. Extraction and separation integration, the process is very simple.
7, easy to use computer monitoring, to ensure safety, to achieve unattended workshop.
8, in a closed high-pressure system, all bacteria are killed, the product is directly discharged from the separator to the packaging container, it is easy to pass GMP certification.
9, low energy consumption; hot water, cold water are all closed loop, no waste water, waste slag discharge. CO2 is also a closed loop, which only takes a little when discharging, and does not pollute the environment.
10. Due to low energy consumption, low user use and low material consumption, the operating cost is very low.
Based on the above characteristics, supercritical CO2 extraction is particularly suitable for the following fields:
The extraction of precious spices in plants - does not change the fragrance of the fragrance, the yield is high, the quality is good.
Extraction of natural medicines - extraction of whole extracts and essential oils from natural herbs.
Extraction of natural health products in natural materials - such as sea buckthorn oil, wheat germ oil, lecithin and the like.
Removal of caffeine in coffee and tea and production of caffeine.
Extraction and purification of DHA and EPA in fish oil.
Removal and extraction of nicotine from tobacco.
Others - such as separation and refining of oil products, high-pressure polymerization environmental engineering, fine ceramics and printing and dyeing.
The supercritical CO2 extraction process usually consists of an extraction phase and a separation phase: firstly, in contact with the solid or liquid mixture to be separated under supercritical or subcritical conditions, the material to be extracted is extracted, and then the density of SC-CO2 is lowered, thereby The extract was separated. According to the characteristics of SC-CO2 density change with temperature and pressure, the common processes of SC-CO2 extraction can be divided into: isothermal depressurization method, isobaric heating method, adsorption separation method and the like. In addition to various batch processes, there have been many studies on continuous extraction.
Application in the food industry
The application in the food industry mainly involves two fields: one is that the conventional method cannot be extracted; the other is that the conventional method does not meet the quality requirements of high-grade products, mainly refers to the extraction and separation of natural substances.
There are many researches on the application of supercritical fluid extraction technology in foods, such as decaffeination of coffee and black tea; extraction of hops, extraction of spices, extraction of plant pigments and vegetable oils; degreasing of foods and raw materials; extraction of animal fats; softening and decolorization of alcoholic beverages, Deodorization; refining and deodorization of oils and fats; extraction of active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine; tobacco nicotine. High-quality food additive series with high value-added natural flavors, pigments and flavor substances produced by this technology have appeared in foreign markets. The application of supercritical CO2 extraction in the food industry in China has gradually moved from laboratory research to industrialization. The research work mainly focuses on the extraction of animal and vegetable oils, pigments, spices and food deodorization.
Application in the pharmaceutical industry
The extraction of effective pharmaceutical ingredients from animals and plants is still one aspect of the current application of SFE in the pharmaceutical industry. There are dozens of kinds such as begain, flavonoids, ginkgo flavonoids and evening primrose oil extracted from the seeds of Astragalus membranaceus, Passiflora leaves, Ginkgo biloba leaves and Evening primrose seeds. More research has been done on the extraction of pharmaceutical ingredients from various animals.
In addition, SFE also plays an important role in the analysis of pharmaceutical ingredients. Due to the high extraction efficiency and mild operating conditions of SFE, the requirements for the analysis and preparation of pharmaceutical ingredients are guaranteed, which has attracted the interest of scholars from all over the world.
Natex is a professional ultra high pressure extraction system equipment manufacturing and process research company in Austria. The company is engaged in research and development of ultra-high pressure extraction processes, research and production of equipment, and undertakes turnkey projects. At the same time, the company also undertakes the business of process research and development. The company's product range is from turn-to-turn with a trial scale of 5L/1000bar to the 13M3/325bar plant for rice processing, coffee and tea decaffeination. As the company's predecessor is the extraction process technology development department of SCHOELLER-BLECKMANNGmbH ultra-high pressure equipment company. Its technical backbone later became a major member of Natex. The leaders are also composed of technical professionals.
Since 1992, the company has conducted research and process optimization studies on the extraction of more than 300 herbs and natural flavors, which can provide strong technical support to customers. These include process development and process optimization. This is beyond the reach of any other mechanical equipment manufacturing company. The company can also develop new products for its customers.
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