Bio-pesticides Catalyze Traditional Agricultural Students' "New Green"

Excessive use of chemical pesticides in traditional agricultural production with high yields as sole purpose is an important factor that causes the current deterioration of the agricultural ecological environment and the inefficiency of agricultural production. At present, China’s agriculture is entering a new historical period in transition from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture with high efficiency, high quality, and sustainable development. Particularly after China’s accession to the WTO, China’s agriculture will also have to face increasingly fierce international competition. And the application faces unprecedented historical opportunities and technological challenges, and the industrial development prospect is very broad. Biopesticides refer to biologically active substances or biological agents that contain non-synthetic, insecticidal, or disease-resistant capabilities, including biopesticides, fungicides, agricultural antibiotics, and ecological pesticides. Biological pesticides have the advantages of simplicity, effectiveness, ecological and environmental safety. At present, biopesticides based on Bt preparations, agricultural antibiotics and viral pesticides have been widely used in agricultural production. At present, there are about 70 domestic manufacturers of Bt preparations, with an annual output of 20,000 tons to 30,000 tons, and more than 20 kinds of pests on crops such as grain, cotton, fruits, vegetables, and forests in more than 20 provinces and cities. Use area of ​​more than 3 million hectares. It is a new trend in the development of bio-pesticides to use genetic engineering technology to construct BT engineered fungi with stable efficacy and wide control. The highly effective insecticidal recombinant Bacillus thuringiensis that has been constructed in China has passed the safety evaluation at the end of 2000 and is approved for commercial production. Currently, agricultural antibiotics use an area of ​​130 million mu each year. There are 20 kinds of antibiotics registered in China, 170 products, more than 250 manufacturers, annual production of 60,000 tons to 70,000 tons. Insect baculovirus is an important and earlier applied entomopathogenic microorganism. More than 1,000 insect viruses have been discovered so far, involving more than 900 insects in 11 orders. More than 30 virus insecticides have been registered, registered, produced and applied in more than 20 countries. Insect baculovirus insecticides are the first commercially available virus insecticides in China. Powders and emulsion suspensions have been applied to the prevention and control of cotton bollworms. Spodoptera litura NPV insecticide-Chongxin I, yellow tiger GV insecticide and cabbage caterpillar GV insecticides and other insect virus insecticides have been registered, and have a certain application area. The use of diuretic hormone gene, insect juvenile hormone esterase gene, Bt insecticidal protein gene, scorpion neurotoxin gene and other recombinant insecticides built in the virus greatly reduced the time of pest disease, control effect is significant. Novel biopesticides such as fungal insecticides also show good application prospects in pest control. The use of fungal insecticides to control pests has attracted widespread attention at home and abroad. The International Biocontrol Organization (IBC) uses Metarhizium anisopliae to control desert locusts, and the United States introduces Gypenoderon moths to control gypsy moths. Brazil uses Metarhizium anisopliae to control sweet potatoes. Mo Yan, China's use of Beauveria bassiana in the southern area of ​​large-scale prevention and control of forest pine caterpillars and the Northeast area to control corn borer, have achieved significant results. At present, the application area of ​​various microbial pesticides based on BT insecticidal protein, Jinggangmycin and avermectin only accounts for 10%-15% of the total pest control area. Annual sales of pesticides in China are now about 30 billion yuan, while microbial pesticides account for only 1% of them. By the end of the “Tenth Five-Year Plan” period, if the control area for biological pesticides is increased to 20%, the sales volume will reach 600 million yuan. By 2015, if the control area is increased to 40%, the sales volume will reach 2 billion yuan. The planting area of ​​all kinds of vegetables in China has reached 165 million mu, and the facilities with high scientific and technological content have grown to 15 million mu and the annual output exceeds 300 million tons. In the transition from traditional methods to green industry and foreign exchange earning industries in China, Pesticides will increasingly play a significant role in order to reduce production costs and improve quality, so as to adapt to the high standards and new requirements for agricultural products, especially export agricultural products, after China's accession to the WTO. The research and application of biopesticides in China in the 21st century will focus on the development of leading industries such as Bt insecticides, agricultural antibiotics, and viral insecticides, and will intensify the technological innovations of new biopesticides such as fungal insecticides and plant-derived pesticides to realize the biopesticide industry. Leapfrog development. At present, there are more than 60 professional microbiological pesticide plants across the country, and nearly 1,000 small-scale fermentation plants of various types at county level, and there is an increasing trend. The research potential of the new biopesticides has considerable market potential. The research of novel biological pesticides requires strong combination of resource-advantageous units and technologically superior units and close cooperation of upstream, midstream and downstream work, which is beneficial to the reorganization of agricultural related scientific research institutions and personnel and the reconfiguration of limited resources in the fierce market. In the competition, a group of research and development entities with strong scientific research strength, significant achievements, industrialization, market changes, and modern management systems are formed. In addition, research and application of biological pesticides will achieve key breakthroughs in key technologies in the development and production of leading products such as Bt insecticides, agricultural antibiotics and viral pesticides. Developed a batch of new biological pesticides such as fungal insecticides, and obtained a batch of innovative technologies and innovative products with independent intellectual property rights, which provided a steady stream of new technologies and new product support for the Chinese biological pesticide industry. At the same time, China’s biopesticide research institutes and production companies are mobilized in the integration and reorganization of funds, technology and human resources, forming a group of industrial groups with independent innovation capabilities and capable of competing with foreign companies to advance the structural adjustment and technological upgrading of traditional pesticide industries. To enhance the international competitiveness of China's bio-pesticides industry in technology and products, and provide important technical guarantees for the modern agricultural production and sustainable development of the ecological environment in China and for the adjustment of agricultural and other related industrial structures.

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