China's Successful Creation of a Nucleated Grape Embryo Rescue Breeding System

The National 948 Project “Establishment of Embryo Rescue Technical System and Cultivation of Disease Resistant Seedless Grapes New Lines” undertaken by the Northwest A&F University was approved by the Ministry of Agriculture, Shaanxi Provincial Department of Agriculture and Science and Technology Department in Yangling, Shaanxi Province on April 4th. Acceptance and identification. China has abundant disease-resistant wild grape resources. However, for a long time there have been problems of single varieties, poor fruit economic traits, and poor disease resistance in the production of seedless grapes. The products are not competitive in the international market. The research group headed by Prof. Wang Yuejin of the Northwest A&F University has started the embryo rescue of 11 hybrid combinations of “nucleate-free seedless seed”, “nucleate seed-free seed” and “nucleate-free seed self” since 1999. Breeding work, after continuous exploration and acquisition of 515 embryos rescued seedlings, seedling rate of 42.1%%, they use Chinese wild grape as a male parent, and European grape seedless varieties hybrid breeding disease-free seedless grape embryo breeding Among the 468 strains of embryo rescued seedlings with 25 hybrid combinations, the seedling rate reached 48.3%, which is 3.25% higher than the current international seedless grape embryo rescued seedling rate (45%%), ranking the international advanced level. Based on the climate characteristics of the Northwest China and the development environment of grape ovules in berries, they improved the US seedless grape embryo rescue medium and created a “wild seedless Chinese wild grape” with independent intellectual property rights. The liquid medium rescued by hybrid embryos opened up a new field of disease-resistant breeding using Chinese wild grapes. The project team selected the seedless grape maternal for embryo rescue, and invented the grape non-nuclear gene molecular probe and disease resistance gene molecular marker through project implementation. The seedless embryo rescued seedling of “nucleate-free Chinese wild grape” was seeded. During the period of assisted selection, the technology saves time for identifying embryo rescued seedlings under natural conditions in the field for at least 3 years. As a result, the breeding efficiency of disease-resistant seedless grapes is greatly improved, and the breeding process is accelerated. In addition, the project team also selected and produced a new series of large-grain, seedless grapes, 00-3-1, which has a pink fruit color and strong disease resistance. During the implementation of the project, it won one national invention patent, applied for one national invention patent, and established five non-nuclear grape bases in Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu, and Xinjiang, and promoted the introduction of selected fine varieties, and trained technicians. 3000 people.

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