Chinese ecologists screen out heavy metal hyperaccumulators from weeds

Researchers at the Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhou Qixing and Wei Shuhe, etc., selected weeds as the screening objects. Through outdoor pot experiments, it was found that several plants such as dandelion and Solanum nigrum had hyperaccumulation, ie, hyperaccumulation characteristics. The research methods used have opened up a breakthrough in the selection of hyperaccumulators from hundreds of thousands of plants. Zhou Qixing, a researcher, introduced that hyperaccumulators are the core problem of heavy metal-contaminated soil phytoremediation technology. Since Chaney RL's idea of ​​using ultra-rich plants to remove soil heavy metal pollution in 1983, the research on phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil has become a hot spot and frontier area of ​​environmental science. This technology is generally considered to have the advantages of low cost, no damage to site structure, no secondary pollution of groundwater, beautification of the environment, and easy acceptance by the society. The development prospect is very broad. However, this repair technology is currently not mature. A prominent problem in phytoremediation is that the species and enrichment capacity of known hyperaccumulators are still not satisfactory, and there is still a lack of effective, unified “special effect screening methods” worldwide. Although more than 400 species of hyperaccumulators have been found in the world, there are also few plants that accumulate multiple types of heavy metals at the same time. Of these plants, China has few intellectual property rights. Previous studies on system screening have not been reported. Under such circumstances, ecologists generally face the dilemma of “needle in the haystack” in the face of more than 500,000 species of known plants in the natural world and 200,000 seed plants. In order to achieve a breakthrough in phytoremediation technology, Zhou Qixing led the task group through a large number of literature surveys, and finally determined that weeds, especially field weeds, should be used as research objects. Outdoor potted plants should be used to screen hyperaccumulators. This screening method has not been reported in the world, and the innovation is more significant. Zhou Qixing stated that weeds are the screening object because they have tenacious vitality and strong absorption capacity, which may be beneficial to the accumulation of heavy metals by plants. The reported hyperaccumulators are also many weeds or have obvious " "Weedy"; and the use of outdoor pot trials and uncontaminated weed plants as the screening object? Not only conducive to the identification of plant species, but also can make up for the lack of species sampling or screening methods in field sampling methods. Using this method, the researchers conducted a preliminary systematic study on the tolerance and accumulation of heavy metals in 54 families of weed species belonging to 20 families in Shenyang, and found that dandelion, Solanum nigrum, and white hops were used for single cadmium and cadmium-lead-copper. - The zinc compound pollution tolerance is strong, has a high accumulation capacity for cadmium, has the basic characteristics of hyperaccumulators, and further research is of great value. More systematic theory and methods have been applied for national invention patents. At the same time, a major breakthrough has been made in the theory of phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils, that is, the existence of hyperaccumulators in uncontaminated areas. Zhou Qixing said that field pot simulation test has the advantages of simple method, close to the environmental conditions of plant growth, and easy identification and identification of plant species. It is an attempt to screen heavy metal-rich plants. The significance of this study lies not only in the discovery of several plants with heavy metal hyperaccumulation characteristics, but also in the opening up of breakthroughs for the rapid screening of hyperaccumulators from hundreds of thousands of plants.

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