Common laboratory operating procedures

(1) Oven

The oven is generally used to dry the instrument and the medicine, and is heated by the grouping resistance wire group, and the air blower is used to strengthen the gas convection in the tank, and at the same time, the humid gas is discharged, and the temperature in the tank is controlled by the thermocouple thermostat.

Steps for usage:

1. Check the power supply (single-phase 220V) and check the integrity of the thermometer and the indicator and the non-working position of the regulator (refer to zero).

2. Plug the oven's power plug into a power outlet.

3. Turn the grouping heater knob clockwise and turn the thermometer adjustment knob clockwise. The red light indicates heating.

4. When the temperature will reach the required humidity, turn the regulator counterclockwise to the red light and then turn it on and off. Check if the temperature reaches the required temperature within 10 minutes. Adjust it with the temperature regulator and adjust to the desired temperature. The temperature is stopped.

5. After the oven is used up, turn the knob of the thermostat counterclockwise to zero, and turn the grouping knob to zero to cut off the power.

Precautions:

1. It must be inspected well before use (power supply, position where each regulator rotates).

2. It is strictly forbidden to put instruments and medicines containing a lot of water into the box.

3. Flammable, explosive, highly corrosive and highly toxic drugs should not be dried in an oven.

4. The service temperature must not exceed the specified temperature for use in the oven.

5. After use, you must return each knob to zero and then turn off the power.

6. Instruments and medicines that require absolute drying should be removed from the cabinet by lowering the temperature to room temperature.

7. The use temperature is lower than the melting point and boiling point of the drug.

8. When the medicine is sprinkled in the box, it must be disposed of in time and cleaned.
2) Thermostatic bath

In polymer chemistry experiments, most of them must be carried out under constant temperature conditions. In order to maintain a constant temperature at an operating temperature of 0 to 100 ° C, a tank that can be stirred with a heater, a relay, a mercury conductive meter, and a thermometer is usually used.

The main instruments for general constant temperature water tanks are:

Mercury conductivity meter

The heater is used to control the operation of the heater using a mercury conductivity meter. The accuracy of the mercury conductivity meter directly affects the constant temperature (the constant temperature is also related to the sensitivity of the relay, the power of the heater and the effect of stirring in the sink).

Mercury conductivity meter works:
The wire on the conductive meter can be connected in parallel with the heater. When the temperature of the water tank has not reached the working temperature (the mercury conductive meter has been coarsely adjusted to the appropriate point), the mercury indicating the temperature in the lower part of the mercury conductive meter does not react with the conductive surface. The platinum wire that needs temperature is connected, so the mercury conductivity meter is disconnected, and the heater in parallel with the mercury conductivity meter works as usual. When the temperature rises, the mercury at the lower end of the conductive meter gradually rises. When the mercury surface is connected with the platinum wire above, the resistance of the conductive meter circuit is smaller than the resistance of the heater. Therefore, the conductive meter starts to be energized and the heater stops working. At this point, carefully adjust the magnet on the upper part of the mercury-conducting meter to control the temperature to the required temperature. The temperature of the sink can be read directly by a precision thermometer (1/10 ° C).

Note using a conductive meter:

1) When using, the conductive meter should be fixed vertically and in a suitable position to prevent breakage.

2 When the constant temperature water tank stops working, do not remove the conductive watch immediately. It should be slowly cooled to room temperature in water.

3) Can not vibrate and invert when placed, to prevent small bubbles in the mercury, and affect the accuracy.

4) When adjusting the upper magnet, the action should be slow, so as not to affect the accuracy of the adjustment and prevent the platinum wire from being too high to make the conductive meter malfunction.

2. Relay

The relay is the working center of the constant temperature system, and the wiring is shown in the figure. Pay attention to the following points when operating:

1) Regularly check the sensitivity of the relay and the normal condition of the indicator light.

2) The normal operation of the relay is related to the power of the heater, so it is important to choose a suitable heater.

3) The working time of the relay should not be too long, not more than 5~6 hr at a time.

Thermostatic water tank instructions:

1) Put the heater, conductive meter, stirrer, thermometer, etc. into the appropriate position in the thermostatic cylinder.

2) Conductive meter and heater are connected to the relay. After the connection is completed, the power can be connected after checking.

3) Add some cold water to the sink first, then slowly add hot water to avoid the cylinder suddenly bursting due to heat. When the temperature reaches the desired temperature, adjust the conductivity meter to make the temperature constant and then use it.

4) Select different heat sources according to the required temperature. If the required temperature is low (25~30°C), you can use 100W or 200W bulb directly as the heat source. When the temperature is high, in order to maintain the temperature of the water tank, certain insulation measures are still needed.

5) Pay attention to the uniformity of the water bath.

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