Comprehensive Prevention and Control Techniques of Yam Pests and Diseases
2019-11-10 06:02:06
Yam is widely planted in the sandy lands of shallow hills and flood plains in southern Shaanxi. In recent years, the prices are high, the benefits are good, the area is enlarged, and the occurrence of pests and diseases is also serious. The main pest control methods are described below:
I. Agricultural control
1. Selection of disease-resistant varieties is an effective method for controlling yam pests and diseases. When planting disease-resistant varieties, they should be rationally laid out, and they should be rotated every 2 to 3 years, and attention should be paid to the purification and rejuvenation of varieties.
2. Rotation can reduce or avoid stalk rot and root knot nematode damage. The non-infected crops such as corn, wheat, radish, and watermelon are cropped at least once every 3 years; the old districts where yam is cultivated all year round should be rotated 1 year; the conditions in regions can be implemented with paddy crop rotations, and the control effect is better.
3. Soil preparation can directly eliminate the pathogenic bacteria that live in soil. Select high-desert, low-humidity, low-lying, fertile sandy loam, and prepare for autumn land preparations, which can dump the remains left on the ground into the soil, accelerate the decomposition and decay of the diseased bodies, and cause some pathogens to lose their vitality through the winter sun and spring drying. .
4. Fertilizers and irrigated yams are hi-fertilizer crops, and organic fertilizer must be applied during site preparation. The general application of phosphorus and potash fertilizers is beneficial to the formation of yam machinery and enhances the ability to resist pathogens. Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer can easily lead to plant growth, stem and leaf tissue soft, easy to get yam anthrax. The principle of watering is to “do not drip or dripâ€. When pouring water, use clean water. Be sure to pour water through the fields. There should be no accumulation of water in the fields. The rainy season should be drained in time to prevent root rot.
5. Field cleaning the field weeds best manual removal. The timely removal of the leaves and stems of the diseased yam can reduce the re-infection of pathogens. When the yams are harvested, the sick, weeds, and decayed stems left on the ground must be burned centrally or brought deep outside the field to reduce pathogens that pass through the winter.
Second, chemical prevention
1. Yam anthrax damage caused stems and leaves stems and leaves, leaves. Control methods: Seed tuber soaked with 1:1:1:50 solution for 10 minutes. Qimiao sprayed the first drug with 50% carbendazim 600 times and sprayed it 10 days later. From July to August, it was found that the onset of disease was 65% of dexamethasone WP 500 times, 50% of eutectic WP 800 to 1000 times, 50% of thiophanate-methyl 700 to 800 times, depending on the severity of the disease. 2 to 4 times, alternating spray. Each interval of 8 to 10 days, after the rain should be filled with liquid spray.
2. The dwarfism caused by short-line nematode disease caused severe yellowing of the entire plant; tuber lesions appeared small tumors of different sizes, affecting yield and quality. Control method: Before the sowing, the pesticide treatment of the soil, with 5% gram of phosphorus granules per acre 5 kg wet soil mix 100 kg, ditch evenly spread on both sides of seed potato, or in conjunction with the site evenly spread, burial 25 ~ 30 cm.
3. Leaf bees bite on the yam leaves, resulting in a serious loss of leaves, affecting photosynthesis leads to reduced tuber yield. Use 2% enemy to kill 3000 times liquid or 90% crystal trichlorfon 1000 times liquid stem and leaf spray.
4. Biting tubers, so that tubers cook not bad, taste bitter. With soil treatment to control, use 50% phoxim 250-300ml per mu, add fine soil 25 kg and mix well and spread into the ridge. Immediately after application, cut into 20cm soil layer, then broadcast yam species.
I. Agricultural control
1. Selection of disease-resistant varieties is an effective method for controlling yam pests and diseases. When planting disease-resistant varieties, they should be rationally laid out, and they should be rotated every 2 to 3 years, and attention should be paid to the purification and rejuvenation of varieties.
2. Rotation can reduce or avoid stalk rot and root knot nematode damage. The non-infected crops such as corn, wheat, radish, and watermelon are cropped at least once every 3 years; the old districts where yam is cultivated all year round should be rotated 1 year; the conditions in regions can be implemented with paddy crop rotations, and the control effect is better.
3. Soil preparation can directly eliminate the pathogenic bacteria that live in soil. Select high-desert, low-humidity, low-lying, fertile sandy loam, and prepare for autumn land preparations, which can dump the remains left on the ground into the soil, accelerate the decomposition and decay of the diseased bodies, and cause some pathogens to lose their vitality through the winter sun and spring drying. .
4. Fertilizers and irrigated yams are hi-fertilizer crops, and organic fertilizer must be applied during site preparation. The general application of phosphorus and potash fertilizers is beneficial to the formation of yam machinery and enhances the ability to resist pathogens. Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer can easily lead to plant growth, stem and leaf tissue soft, easy to get yam anthrax. The principle of watering is to “do not drip or dripâ€. When pouring water, use clean water. Be sure to pour water through the fields. There should be no accumulation of water in the fields. The rainy season should be drained in time to prevent root rot.
5. Field cleaning the field weeds best manual removal. The timely removal of the leaves and stems of the diseased yam can reduce the re-infection of pathogens. When the yams are harvested, the sick, weeds, and decayed stems left on the ground must be burned centrally or brought deep outside the field to reduce pathogens that pass through the winter.
Second, chemical prevention
1. Yam anthrax damage caused stems and leaves stems and leaves, leaves. Control methods: Seed tuber soaked with 1:1:1:50 solution for 10 minutes. Qimiao sprayed the first drug with 50% carbendazim 600 times and sprayed it 10 days later. From July to August, it was found that the onset of disease was 65% of dexamethasone WP 500 times, 50% of eutectic WP 800 to 1000 times, 50% of thiophanate-methyl 700 to 800 times, depending on the severity of the disease. 2 to 4 times, alternating spray. Each interval of 8 to 10 days, after the rain should be filled with liquid spray.
2. The dwarfism caused by short-line nematode disease caused severe yellowing of the entire plant; tuber lesions appeared small tumors of different sizes, affecting yield and quality. Control method: Before the sowing, the pesticide treatment of the soil, with 5% gram of phosphorus granules per acre 5 kg wet soil mix 100 kg, ditch evenly spread on both sides of seed potato, or in conjunction with the site evenly spread, burial 25 ~ 30 cm.
3. Leaf bees bite on the yam leaves, resulting in a serious loss of leaves, affecting photosynthesis leads to reduced tuber yield. Use 2% enemy to kill 3000 times liquid or 90% crystal trichlorfon 1000 times liquid stem and leaf spray.
4. Biting tubers, so that tubers cook not bad, taste bitter. With soil treatment to control, use 50% phoxim 250-300ml per mu, add fine soil 25 kg and mix well and spread into the ridge. Immediately after application, cut into 20cm soil layer, then broadcast yam species.
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