Post-Spring Wheat Diseases and Pest Control Techniques
Cucumber seeds have pathogens such as fusarium wilt, anthrax, blight, and keratoderma. Therefore, cucumber seeds should be surface-sterilized before germination. There are three main methods.
Soaking in warm soup: Put the dry seeds in warm water of 55°C～60°C for about 10 minutes. The process should be constantly stirred, then cool down to 28°C～30°C for 4-6 hours, wash and clean.
Pharmacological disinfection method: soaking seeds with active ingredient 0.1% carbendazim hydrochloric acid for 1 hour, rinsing with fresh water, and soaking in fresh water for 4 hours, can be soaked with germination.
Membrane treatment: Some cucumber seeds have been treated by the seed production unit with a seed film containing fungicides and various trace elements. The treatment with the seed coating has a good bactericidal effect. Treated seeds can be directly soaked in germination or live.
After the seeds are sterilized, they are washed and washed again. The water is drained off, wrapped in a cloth, placed under a temperature of 27° C. to 30° C., and the seeds are often turned during the germination process so that the seeds are subjected to a uniform temperature. After about 24 hours, the seeds are subjected to uniform temperature. When budding begins, when the seeds are exposed to the root tips, the temperature can be appropriately reduced, and the temperature can be maintained at 22°C to 26°C. After about two days, the seeds can be released. If the seedlings do not sow well after germination, use a wet towel to wrap the seeds in a cool place at about 10°C to prevent the shoots from continuing to grow. This practice is called "sprouts."
Back to the jointing period
The turning of wheat to its jointing stage is another peak of the spread of viral diseases such as root disease, sheath blight, and root rot disease, and dwarfism and yellow dwarf disease. This period is the period when wheat spiders, underground pests and weeds are in danger. It is a key link in the comprehensive prevention and control of wheat diseases and pests.
Strengthening fitness cultivation and preventing pests and weeds should organically combine cultivation measures with control of pests and diseases, and vigorously implement high-yield fitness cultivation techniques such as proper paddling, top-dressing, and watering to increase wheat's resistance to various diseases. In the proper period, weeding can be eradicated, and at the same time we must seize the appropriate period of control after the return of wheat from late February to mid-March, and carry out timely chemical weeding.
In recent years, the root disease of wheat, which is mainly caused by sheath blight, has been seriously affected, which has a great influence on the yield of wheat, especially the high-yield land. The key technology for the prevention and control of wheat sheath blight is mixed and sprayed, that is, seed dressing and spraying in the green period. In the prevention and control of wheat sheath blight, there is a spraying prevention and control of ignoring the green period, and the prevention and treatment time is late, which is the main reason for poor control efficacy. Therefore, we must pay attention to the prevention and control of returning to the green period, grasp the appropriate period for prevention and control, use the pesticides for roads to prevent and control according to the pest control index, and apply pesticides and bactericides to mix pesticides and apply scientific methods.
Disease and Insect Pest Prevention and Control Indicators The main pest control indicators for wheat turning green to jointing stage were sheath blight disease rate of 15% to 20%, underground pests 3% for wheat seedlings, and wheat spiders for 600 per rice. The control of sheath blight can use 5% Jinggangmycin 150-200 ml per mu water 75 to 100 kg sprayed wheat stem base prevention and control, 10 to 15 days before spraying again; 40% methyl isofluosal can be used to control the underground pests or 50 % Phoxim sprayed wheat stem base at 40~50 ml per acre; Prevention and control of wheat spiders can be controlled by spraying 73% Ketel EC 1500~2000 times.
Heading period
The ear stage of wheat is the concentrated and endangered period of various pests such as wheat aphid, aphid, midge, powdery mildew, stripe rust, leaf rust, leaf blight, head blight, and blight. These diseases and insect pests have the largest area of ​​wheat aphids and are the most serious. Wheat ear stage is the period when the wheat finally forms yield, and it is also a concentrated occurrence of multiple pests. Once the pests are harmed, it can cause irreparable damage. Therefore, the wheat ear stage is the final and the most critical period for comprehensive prevention and control of wheat diseases, weeds and weeds. We should effectively prevent and control pests and diseases to ensure the high quality and high yield of wheat.
The use of natural enemies to control wheat and wheat is a breeding ground for various natural enemies and breeding grounds for early spring. Protecting natural enemies in wheat fields is not only beneficial to the control of wheat pests, but also the main source of natural enemies of post-crop crop pests, and should be protected and utilized.
Chemical control should be based on the wheat pest and disease prevention and control index, seize the appropriate period of prevention and control, use the agent of the road to carry out prevention and control, apply pesticides and fungicides mixed application technology, and implement scientific prevention and control. (1) The main pest control indicators in the wheat ear stage are: 500 for wheat aphids, 25 for each generation of stickworms, 5 for each sample (10 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm), and adult period From 10 to 25 heads, the rate of diseased leaves was 2% to 5% for leaf rust, 5% to 10% for leaf rust, and 10% for powdery mildew. 2 pairs of drugs, dosage and methods are: control of wheat aphid can be used to kill 2.0% emulsifiable oil 10-15 ml per acre or 50 pimple fog wettable powder spray 8 to 10 grams per acre; prevention and control of a generation of insects Can be used 50% phoxim EC 50 ~ 75 ml spray control; prevention and treatment of rust, powdery mildew can be used 25% Baolitong WP 30 grams per mu or 40% Triadimefon EC 50-75 ml per acre spray control; control of head blight Leaf blight and blight can be controlled by spraying 50% carbendazim WP with 75-100 g/mu. 3 The mixed application technology should be scientifically applied according to the control object and prevention index. When a single species of insects is heavy and other occurrences are light, single pesticide control should be performed to avoid waste and pesticide pollution. (4) Prevention of wheat head blight and blast blight should be based on prevention. In case of a panicle weather in the ear period, spray prevention should be performed after the wheat has been flowered. Although the wheat midge insects are pests infested by the ear stage, the control period is suitable for the flood season in the middle or late April. The prevention and control measures should be carried out at the right time in the flood season to improve the control effect. It can use 40% methylisothiphos EC to 150-200 ml per mu. 30 to 40 kilograms of fine sand or fine sandy soil is applied to the ground and demarcate, and the control effect after the application of watering is better; if the pest control fails during the flood season, the control of the adult insect pest of the midge can be used for 70% of the field wheat, and 50% is used for heading. Phoxim EC 50 to 75 ml spray control.
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