The hybrid oil sunflower cultivation management matters needing attention

The hybrid sunflower oil has a short growth period and the seedlings are more resistant to cold, so its seeding period is more flexible. Seasonally divided by spring, summer and winter sowing.

1. The spring sowing time of hybrid oil sunflower in different areas in spring sowing is different. For example, Hebei is from early March to May 10, Liaoning is from April 20 to May 10, Inner Mongolia is from April 15 to May 10, Shanxi is from April 14 to April 25, and Jilin is 5 15th to 25th of the month. In areas with high rainfall, spring sowing should not be late. Early sowing has the following advantages: 1 Make full use of the water stored in autumn and winter in the soil and emerge early and Miao Qi. 2 Seedlings at low temperature and early spring are all conducive to seedlings, promote roots under the bar, and enhance drought resistance. 3 In the flowering period, before the high temperature and high humidity rainy season, pollination is good, the disease is light, and there are few empty shells. 4 During the growth period, the light and temperature conditions are good. 5 Early sowing in areas with short frost-free periods to avoid early frost hazards. However, it is not suitable for early sowing in dry hills, otherwise the entire birth of sunflower oil will be spent under conditions of drought with low water and rainfall, and the yield is very low. These areas should be sowed late and connected with local rainwater before and after budding to meet the needs of oil sunflower.

2. Summer sowing should first consider whether the local climatic conditions can meet the requirement of the 90-day growth period of oil sunflower after sowing. In the light, accumulated temperature less should be sown as early as possible, so as to avoid poor maturity and reduced production and quality. In areas with high light and accumulated temperatures, sowing in summer should be carried out later, so that the flowering period and the grain filling period can escape the hot and humid rainy season to facilitate pollination and avoid diseases.

3. In winter sowing, the seeds are sown in soil in winter, and they will emerge when the temperature and moisture are suitable in the coming spring. The advantage of winter sowing is that the spring sowing operation is completed in advance to the winter, thereby reducing the loss of soil moisture in the spring, and is conducive to the growth of early emergence. Therefore, winter sowing is more suitable for drought, spring busy farming or short frost-free period. Winter sowing should be carried out in the soil in the morning at the freezing temperature, and the ground temperature should be 0°C-4°C to prevent seed germination immediately after sowing. According to the experiment of Shanxi Yanzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences, compared with the general spring sowing, winter sowing increased the yield by 11.7%, the grain weight increased by 4.3%, and the seed oil rate increased by 3.8%. According to the Liaoning Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, winter sowing seeds germinate normally in the early spring of the second year, and their flowering and maturing periods are 5-7 days earlier than normal spring sowing.

4. Seeding rate The sowing rate is determined based on the seed germination rate, field seedling maintenance, and field loss rate. The average field loss rate can be calculated from 10% to 20% of the planned number of plants. For example, the number of oil sunflower per acre is 4,000, the emergence loss rate is 20%, and the germination rate is 98%. When the precision machine is sown, the number of grains sown per acre is: 4000+(400020%)+(40002%)= 4880 tablets, such as seed weight of 80 grams, per acre sowing rate: 4880x801000; 390.4 grams. In the case of artificial on-demand, when using the selected coated seed and sowing seeds with single and double seeds, the amount of mu is about 350 grams.

5. Seeding method 1 Mechanical sowing. The corn and soybean planter can be slightly modified to be used for sowing of oil sunflower. In the case of well-selected seed coats with good land conditions and high germination rates, precision seeds can be planted at the provincial, provincial, and provincial levels. 2 spot broadcast (hole sowing). After the ditching or graveling, the farmyard fertilizer is applied first and then the seeds are seeded. The depth of soil cover is preferably 3-5 cm. If the planting is too shallow, the “top shell unearthed” phenomenon is likely to occur. When the sensation is not good, “bud dry” occurs. When the drought conditions in arid areas are not good, the sowing depth should be 5-8 cm. When the oil sunflower's face plate matures towards the southeast, the mechanically harvested plots are more convenient for mechanical operation in the east-west direction.

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