Comprehensive Prevention and Control Technology of Main Diseases and Insect Pests of Agaricus

I. Identification and control of major pests and diseases 1. The ghost umbrella is commonly called wild mushroom. Morphological characteristics: The cap was initially warhead-shaped or oval-shaped, jade white, gray or yellow-white, most of the surface has scales, slender handle, hollow. The old ripened caps spread out, and the pleats gradually turned from white to black, and they eventually dissolved into an ink-like shape with the cap. Control methods: pile up the culture materials, increase the temperature of the heap, reduce the content of ammonia gas, prevent the growth of the culture materials, and excessive humidity, so as to suppress the occurrence and growth of comatus. Mushrooms on the bed after the ghost should be removed in time; if a large amount of ghost umbrella, available 2% to 5% of formaldehyde solution for prevention and treatment. 2. White plaster mold is also known as smell mold. Morphological characteristics: The first mycelium was a thick, double-branched mycelium that gradually turned into a dark yellow flour with a pungent odor. Control methods: increase the amount of superphosphate, reduce the pH of the culture material; after local occurrence, spray 50% carbendazim WP 500 times. 3. Dirty rubber bacterium, also known as plastic gyro, marsupial mushroom, fecal bowl. Morphological characteristics: cells are clustered or clustered, stems short, gyro is shallow cup after stretching, diameter 1 to 4.5 cm, height 1 to 2.5 cm, external dark brown, tufts of hair, wrinkled and toxic when dry. Control methods: Properly ventilated, reduce the humidity; timely removal of bacteria spongiosis bacteria, buried deep; local occurrence of 2% to 5% of the formaldehyde solution spray control. 4. The hopper larvae are white, adult grayish blue, small in size, soft and wingless, and rarely exceed 5 mm in length. The main bite fruit body, generally invasive from the wound or the pleated part. Control methods: When the hoppers are found on the surface of the mushroom, they can be sprayed with 40% trichlorfon EC 250 times or 70% omethoate EC 500 times, or 80% dichlorvos EC 1000 times with a small amount of honey. Trapping and killing; after the mushrooming of the bed surface, it can be sprayed with 1.1% of the compound matrine phytochemical 500 times, and 80% of the dichlorvos EC 1000 times with a small amount of honey. 5. Mushroom fly adult body length 6 ~ 9 mm, dark gray. The larvae are 8 to 12 mm long, white, with a pointed head and a blunt tail. The ellipse is long, elliptical, 6-8 mm long, red-brown to dark brown. Control methods: mushroom room to install screens to prevent the mushroom rope from entering; mushroom house found adult, the available liquor 0.5, 2 copies of water, 3 copies of brown sugar, 3.5 parts of vinegar, add a small amount of trichlorfon or dichlorvos, placed in the basin, Trapping. 6. Mushroom mosquitoes generally adult body length 4.5 ~ 6.0 mm, larvae body length 10 ~ 13 mm, body length cylindrical. Adults have phototaxis and fly ability. Control methods: mushrooms were found before mushrooming, fumigation with dichlorvos; after mushrooming, the ramie leaves were smashed, squeezed out of juice, mixed in a ratio of 10 parts of water to 1 part of juice, boiled and cooled, and sprayed in a mushroom house. Material surface. 7. Brown spot disease is also known as dry bubble disease, myxomycosis and so on. Mushrooms take about 2 weeks from sickness to brown spots. Initially, irregular spots of brown needles on the head of the mushroom were produced. After that, the spots gradually expanded and produced depressions. The depressions appeared gray. Control methods: Spray 50% carbendazim WP 500 times. 8. The soft rot fruit body is infected and gradually turns brown until it rots. Control methods: reduce water spray on the bed, enhance ventilation, reduce air humidity, and sprinkle lime powder on affected parts; spray 50% carbendazim WP 800 times. Second, the deployment of culture materials and disinfection 1. PH value culture material into the shed before the PH value should be adjusted to 7.5 to 8, if more than 8.2, it is easy to cause the occurrence of white mold. PH value is too high, with calcium superphosphate; if too low, adjust with lime water. 2. The sterilizing culture materials shall be sprayed with 80% dichlorvos EC 200 times or 40% omethoate EC 400 times on the surface of the pile one day before entering the shed, and then sealed for 24 hours to kill fleas and other pests. . 3. Sterilization of mushroom house Disinfection of the vacant room: 15 g of sulphur per cubic meter, 2 ml of formaldehyde, 8 ml of 80% dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate, mixed in sawdust, packed in paper bags, placed in the corners of the mushroom house and in the center, closed Doors and windows, then lit and stifling for 24 hours. Or per 100 square meters of bed with 2 kg of formaldehyde, 1 kg of dichlorvos fumigation for 24 hours, and then open the window for ventilation. If it is a heavy mushroom house, remove the dismantled bed in time and remove it completely and move it to the outside for thorough cleaning and exposure; if it cannot be removed, expose the plastic film for several days and use 10% against the wall. ~ 20% lime spray paint. Close the mushroom house before use and fumigate it according to the above method. Real house disinfection: Each 100 m2 of bed surface is heated and fumigated with 1 kg of formaldehyde, sealed for 24 hours, and then the ventilation openings are opened. 4. Adjusting and disinfecting the soil pH value: The soil particles shall be uniformly sprayed with 5% formaldehyde solution, air-dried a little, and then wetted with 80% dichlorvos 500 times solution, and then sealed with a film for 24 hours. Adjustment of pH: Use lime to adjust the pH of soil particles. The appropriate pH is about 7.5-8. Ventilation protection: Each vent is covered with gauze to prevent various pests from flying in.

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