Cotton front heavy simplification cultivation integration technology

The "pre-cotton heavy simplification cultivation and integration technology" is a new technology developed for the problems of large labor intensity, many management links, and high production costs in cotton production. The so-called “preceding weight” means that most of the work of cotton management is placed in the early stage of growth, and the problems that may arise are placed in the early stage of prevention. In the past, “three-point and seven-point management” were used as “seven-point and three-point management”; "Simplified cultivation" is to remove unnecessary links in the traditional practice of cotton management and to simplify the operation procedures. The so-called "integration technology" is to integrate operational technologies into a set of technical systems and procedures. This technology is operable and can have a significant effect of cost savings.

First, the core technology

"Six Changes to Six One" is the core of this technology, namely: changing multi-species flower planting to become one of the leading varieties in a county, laying a foundation for high yield and quality (according to the type of suitable varieties used in the area); changing multiple operations to one machine (Completion of coated seed sowing, film coating, and spraying of herbicides); multiple fertilizations for one application of fertilizer (one-time base fertilizer for formula fertilizer); change dependent irrigation as one key watering; change five-step pruning method for A pruning method (only the tip); change the water to single cotton as a multiple cropping pattern (in the high-water fertilizer plot selection cotton wheat, cotton radish, cotton, onion and other multiple cropping patterns, scale planting).

Second, technical regulations

1. Make your own money. In normal years, the amount of snow and snow is small in winter and spring, and the amount of soil in the bottom is insufficient. In order to use the condition of water and dry land to arrange flowers, winter irrigation or early spring irrigation can be used. Irrigation water storage irrigation irrigation, winter irrigation per mu 100 cubic meters, early spring irrigation 70 cubic meters per mu, penetration depth of 80 to 100 cm, the water effect can be maintained until the flowering period. After flooding, care should be taken to preserve the earthworms. The main measures are: the top land, the spring soil cover, and the raising of the soil before planting.

2. Apply base fertilizer. One-time application of base fertilizer combined with soil preparation. Tests have shown that all nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers can be used to increase production by 2.6% to 12.1% compared to different base fertilizers and top dressings. Fertilization is mainly supplemented with three nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient elements. Taking 15-13-17 formula fertilizer as an example, the fertilizing amount per mu is 50-65 kg. Conditional cotton fields should also be applied with organic fertilizers such as manure and rot straw. . Fertilization method: Irrigation water can be used to fertilize the cotton field and water is applied after fertilization. The nutrients will infiltrate with the water, and only need to be plowed and not plowed. Applying organic fertilizer and dryland cotton fields and applying furrow fertilization will also have significant effect on yield increase.

3. Use excellent seeds. 1 High-yield, mainly boll-strong; 2 High resistance to wilt disease, resistance (tolerance) Verticillium wilt; 3 During the growth period, Longnan is middle-maturing, Middle-early-maturing type in middle Guizhou; 4 Strong growth potential, good aftergrowth , May prevent or reduce premature aging; 5 Strong insect resistance, high resistance to cotton bollworm.

4. Determine the sowing date. Suitable sowing time after frost, that is, "cold tail warmer." The general sowing season for South China and South Africa is around April 25, and the Eastern Fujian (Tangshan and Langfang) is from the end of April to May 5. Before sowing, trifluralin or acetochlor 100-125 g/mu was sprayed and mixed with soil.

5. Machine broadcast and line spacing configuration. Before sowing, cotton seeds are coated with insecticides and bactericides, and precision machine sowing, herbicide spraying and film coating are used in combination. Use 45-50 cm 90-120 cm row configuration or 80 cm row planting.

6. Dingmiao, remove the film. 2 to 3 true leaves when Dingmiao, while removing weak seedlings, diseased seedlings and so on. 3 to 4 pieces of true leaves after definite seedlings were removed. 7. Field management. Watering from Shenglei to full bloom is a key measure to prevent premature aging of cotton, and the average amount of water per mu is 40 to 50 cubic meters. In mid-July, the top of the heart, leaving 11 to 13 fruit branches. In July and August, it was even rainy. If the cotton plant grows, use the shrinkage control. The use of shrinkage and security is determined according to the growth of cotton and the amount of rainfall. The general dosage is 1 ~ 1.5 grams of Mushi in Shenglei, 2 ~ 3 grams of Mushi in early flowering, and 3 ~ 4 grams of Mushi in full bloom.

8. Pest control. In the middle of May, imidacloprid was used to prevent and control poisonous baits. In the middle of May, imidacloprid was used to control seedling mites and thrips, etc., and Qishaosu and Keziute were used to prevent and control red spiders (Fire dragon insects), which were used in the early stages of the occurrence of cotton bollworm and blind cicada. Organophosphorus, pyrethroid pesticides and other control 1 to 2 times.

9. Picking and grading. After September, the flowers are picked every 7-10 days, and the fully opened bolls are removed. In the morning, the sun is picked up for two days, and the afternoon is taken for one day. After that, the flowers of the stagnation are eliminated and they are distributed or stored.

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