Double-low hybrid rapeseed lightly simplifies high-yield cultivation techniques
1. Select high-quality, low-yielding hybrid rapeseed varieties.
The main selection is Yuyan No. 10, Zhongyouza 11, Yuyan 57, Tianyou 97, Sanxiayou 5, Fuyou 508 and other mid-maturing varieties with resistance to disease, waterlogging, dense planting, and lodging resistance (reproductive period 220 days). .
2, timely early preservation of seedlings.
The suitable sowing date for winter rape planting in the live broadcast should be set at an average temperature of about 19°C in the ten days. The shallow hill area of ​​Pingba in our district should be suitable for selective sowing from September 25 to October 15 in the southern low mountain area on September 20-10. On the 10th of the month, choose suitable sowing seeds. The best nursery period and transplanting period for transplanting rapeseed with no-tillage seedlings were around mid-late September and mid-late October. Before mechanical sowing, adjust the machine and wait until the soil is suitable for the soil moisture.
The live rapeseed in the dry land must be robbed of live broadcasts from the end of September to the beginning of October. Where possible, irrigation can be done once after sowing to ensure that all seedlings are broadcast. General sowing rate of 200-300 grams of artificial sowing, machine sowing 300-500 grams, sowing depth of 0.5-1 centimeters is appropriate, leaving seedlings density of 2.5-3 million / acre, sowing delay and poorly-published plots to be appropriate Increase the number of broadcasts. No-tillage seedling transplanting rapeseed beds and Honda must reach ratio 1:6-7, general seedbed sowing volume 600-700 g/mu, and transplanting density 4000-6000/mu.
3, choose the right broadcast method.
The light and simple cultivation methods of rape suitable for our region mainly include mechanical precision seeding, artificial sowing, no-tillage transplanting, etc., and local technical models suitable for the local conditions are adopted, and the suitable conditions for the sowing of plants are suitable for promoting open-pit, open-carrying, rotary tilling, Fertilizer, seeding, soil covering and other operations can be completed at one time. The technology of fine mechanization of rapeseed mechanization can be applied in small plots, sloping fields, high humidity, artificial spreading, and no-tillage transplanting without the sowing conditions. Artificially sowing and blending appropriate amount of fine sand or grass ash spread evenly. In case of drought, it should be irrigated first, and then sowed after appropriate pods. After sowing, it can even use the sunscreen net to moisturize. After the emergence, it will peel off the cover.
4, field management.
4.1 Fertilization. Simplified cultivation (live, no-till seedlings transplanting) fertilization formula: a one-time application of 40-50 kg of special fertilizer for rape and 1 kg of boron fertilizer per acre.
4.2 seedlings Dingmiao. After the drought, it was sown and watered in time to protect the seedlings. After the broadcast, it was rainy, and drainage was drained in time. Attention was paid to the prevention and treatment of damping-off. Live rape generally does not use the seedlings Dingmiao measures: but the density is too dense and too thin to adopt measures to make up for thinning, generally in the 2-3 leaf period seedlings, 4-5 leaf stage Dingmiao, 2-3 million plants per mu.
4.3 Ditching to prevent stains. Rapeseed is prone to waterlogging. When planting, small plots can be used to create good backgrooves and gutters, and large plots can be used to open cross-grooves or well-pits and be cleared in time to keep them open. The ditch depth is about 20 cm and the main ditch is more than 1000 px.
4.4 Scientific control of grass. Mainly chemical weeding. Raised seedlings transplanted before rapeseed rape seedlings, live before broadcasting, before sowing seedlings with 50% acetochlor EC 50-75 grams per mu 50 kg of water spray closed weeding. After the seedlings were raised, weeding was performed on the more weedy plots.
4.5 timely prevention and control of pests and diseases. The main insect pests in the growing field of rapeseed are aphids and cabbage caterpillars. Generally, they can be used as 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 2500 times solution or 50% anti-inferiority wettable powder 3000-5000 times solution + enemies spray; the disease is mainly sclerotia Disease, early flowering period is the best time to prevent sclerotia and flowering. Usually, 40% sclerotium net wettable powder or perchlorate 100g + potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100g + quick boron 50 grams, liquid sprayer for the amount of 12-15 kg / mu, manual sprayer not less than 30 kg / mu.
5, mechanized harvest.
The rapeseed harvest season in our region is tight, the artificial harvesting cost is high, the plot is relatively small, suitable for promoting two-stage mechanical harvesting techniques, and the general varieties adopt mechanical (or artificial) sun-cutting and mechanical threshing two-stage harvesting techniques, and 80% in all fields. When the pod is yellowish, the rapeseed is cut with a rapeseed windrower (or artificially), and the field is air-dried for 5-7 days. The self-propelled pick-up thresher is used for picking and threshing.
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