Early Spring Shed Melon Cultivation Technology

The melons produced in the spring plastic arch sheds have high yields, good quality, and good economic returns. They have been accepted by farmers in the Linghai region in recent years, and the cultivated area has continued to expand. Santaizi Town, Linghai City, has an area of ​​more than 266.67 hm2 per year of plastic canopy planting, and the melons produced are sold throughout the country. At the same time, due to factors such as climate, cultivation and management, there are many problems in melon production. China Agricultural Net is now summarizing the melon cultivation techniques in the early spring to provide reference for melon farmers. Before introducing the technology, we can take a look at Tian Tianfu's melon as a hot spot.

1 Variety selection and seed treatment

Should choose good varieties, such as with low temperature and low light, compact plant, concentrated results, delicate meat, sweet and refreshing, disease resistance, premature, high yield and other characteristics. The melon varieties that are suitable for planting in greenhouses in most parts of Liaoning Province include Longtian No. 8, Hongcheng 5, Qitian No. 1, and Hongcheng 6. Live seeds are best soaked with germination. 5 to 7 days before sowing, select sunny days for 2 to 3 days, and combine the seeds with seeds that are full of seeds, then use hot water at 55°C for hot seeding to kill bacteria on the seed surface. It is also possible to soak seeds with Propolis water or trisodium phosphate for 15-20 min to prevent the occurrence of seedling disease [1]. The treated seeds were soaked in warm water of 25-30 °C for 4-5 h and then placed at 25-28 °C for germination. When 2/3 of the seeds were exposed, they were sown.

2 Sowing seedlings

Generally in the middle of February in the greenhouse to raise seedlings, and increase warming measures, such as black plastic nutrition, preparation of hot nutrient soil, wall hanging reflective film temperature and so on. Nursery soil requirements include 40% fertile Harada soil, 10% high-quality rotten manure, 50% decomposed horse manure (or other decomposed organic manure) [2]. To prevent seedling diseases, add 50% carbendazim or thiophanate-methyl 80 g, mix the soil fertilizer thoroughly, and wait until it is used. The use of seedling tray tray seedlings will help increase the temperature. If grafting is used, it is recommended to use nutritional seedlings. Black seed squash or newly-selected white-seed squash are grafted rootstocks. The method of grafting is adopted. The operation is simple and the survival rate is high. Requires a larger scion, first sowing melon (colon), 10 days after sowing pumpkin (rootstock) [3].

3 Planting and post-planting management

The suitable colonization period in Liaoning Province was before and after Qingming, and it was selected in the sunny morning just after the cold current. Cover with multi-layer film, can be about 15 days in advance, but to ensure stable ground temperature above 15 °C. In order to ensure the light intensity, except for the film, other cover films are opened during the day and covered at night. Pay attention to basal fertilizer, apply high-quality manure 75 t/hm2, potash 750 kg/hm2, and superphosphate 1500 kg/hm2, and then do the trick. The grafting age of melons is 45-60 days, 4 to 5 leaves can be planted, and the temperature of the lock shed is 7-10 days before planting. Colonization should be poured with small water, to prevent the ground temperature is too low, affecting the root growth [4]. The daytime temperature after planting is generally 25 to 32 °C, 15 to 18 °C at night, and the temperature difference between day and night is controlled at 13 to 15 °C. However, because the melon planting in early spring is in the low temperature stage, and melons are high-temperature crops, 40 °C will not cause harm to melon in a short time [5].

4 Water and Fertilizer Management

Melon is a high temperature and drought resistant crop, and the amount of watering and watering times should be controlled in the early stage. Drip irrigation should be used. Sufficient moisture is given during fruit enlargement and water is balanced daily. During the whole growing period, avoid flooding and flooding to prevent the high temperature and high humidity from causing the popularity of melon and melon. During the mature period, the head pods were watered 3 to 5 days before harvesting, and watering was resumed after harvesting to promote the expansion of the pods. Bottom fertilizer is sufficient for the early stage without top dressing, and the base fertilizer deficiency may be followed by 30 cm of seedling height or extension of vines. The top-dressing fertilizer shall be top-dressed once in a timely manner and urea shall be applied at 225 kg/hm2. The top of the flower was sprayed and protected for 5 to 7 days after colonization and sprayed for 2 to 3 times. When sitting on a melon like a walnut, the liquid chase and apply 150 kg/hm2 or 300 kg/hm2 of urea and 450 kg/hm2 of magnesium sulfate with water. After 15 days or so, topdressing and fertilization were performed once. After sitting on the melons, the leaf fertilizer was sprayed every 10 days or so. Fertilizers containing various trace elements and amino acids and fulvic acid were appropriate. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium applied in the whole growth period of melon was 2.8:1.0:3.7. When top dressing, choose high-potassium fertilizer. Muskmelon is a bogey crop and it is prohibited to use chlorine-containing fertilizers. The fruit is not applied with nitrogen fertilizer before ripening until ripening, in order to facilitate conversion and sweetening.

5 Pruning

At the seedling stage (4 to 5 true leaves), the nutrients are transferred to the lateral branches in time, and when the fruits on the branches are caught, the hearts are picked up in time so that the nutrients can be transported to the fruits to prevent the melons and promote fruit enlargement. One is double vine pruning. Applicable to the main vine varieties. When the mother vines 3 leaves 1 heart topping, it promotes the growth of the vine. Keep the two vines of good growth and suitable parts, wipe out the Sun vines (side buds) born on the 1st to 6th junctures of the seed vines, and select the Sun vines and the melons on the 7th to 11th verses of the vine. One to two leaves were entrapped and the young vines were wiped off when the buds were sprouting. Each vine spread to 20 leaves and topped with 2 leaves per plant [6]. The second is more vine pruning. Applicable to sun vine melon varieties. Main vines 4 to 5 leaves topping, choose to stay 3 to 4 robust son vine, when the vine vine 2 to 3 leaves grow to a certain length when its topping, prompting early-Sun Sun vines to sit in advance. Since melons grow quickly, regardless of the type of pruning, Sun Man must be repeatedly topping to facilitate the melon.

6 Disease Prevention and Control

The major diseases that endanger melon are downy mildew, powdery mildew, bacterial blight, bacterial angular spot, and acute wilting. Can take measures such as protection seedling cultivation, early planting, early harvest, reasonable pruning, deep ditch sorghum, mulching film, attention to ventilation, chemical control and other measures. Control agents are chlorothalonil, thiophanate methyl and others. The drug is applied once every 7 days, which can be combined with foliar fertilizer application.

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