How to cultivate high quality safflower
Safflower, also known as safflower, is an annual or perennial plant of the Asteraceae family.
The soil should be chosen from soils with a neutral loam or light clay and a pH between 6.5-8.5. If the soil is too sandy, its water-retaining and fertilizer-preserving abilities are poor, the required nutrients cannot meet the growth requirements, the growth is thin and weak, and the diseases in the later stages are serious. The resulting corolla is small, the safflower seeds are lean, and they are easy to fall in the late growth stage and the yield is low. ,low quality. The soil is too viscous or heavy saline (pH greater than 8.5), poor ventilation and water permeability, compact structure, easy to form soil compaction, nitrogen metabolism, protein synthesis can not be carried out, harmful substances in the soil can not be discharged in time, significantly inhibit the root When it grows serious, it will cause the death of safflower.
The so-called topography of the terrain is the height and the slope of the site. It includes mountains, ridges and flat lands. The topography of planting safflower should be a land with high dryness and no water. Mountainous areas should be selected from low mountains, sunny slopes or semi-sunny slopes; the hill slopes should not be too steep, slopes should not exceed 20 degrees; flat drainage facilities should be provided, and sorghum plants should be planted around the land. A drainage ditch was dug in the middle of the block to ensure that there was no water in the plot after heavy rain.
The best crops for safflower cultivation are the leguminous or gramineous crops. More than three years of rotation cropping system is used to make certain pests lack host conditions, so that certain pests can be economically and effectively suppressed or mitigated. The harm to safflower plants, lower production costs and artificial investment, lay a good foundation for high quality and high yield.
The temperature of safflower seeds can germinate at more than 5 degrees, and the temperature of vegetative growth stage is 15-20 degrees, which is the most suitable. The reproductive growth stage is the best at 20-28 degrees.
During the vegetative growth period of sunshine, short days are favorable for plant development: when entering the flowering and seeding stage, a longer period of sunshine conditions can promote corolla hypertrophy and full grain formation, resulting in high yield.
Moisture due to the development of safflower root system, except for the seedling period. Seeding method: small area planting can be used sowing, until the soil fertilization ploughing and mashing, according to the spacing of 35-40 cm, spacing 25 cm, digging deep 5 cm hole, each hole sowing safflower seed 5-6 pieces of soil, light repression . Machines can be sown with conditions, sowing spacing is the same as sowing. Seed 3-5 kg ​​per acre.
Field management
Filling seedlings: when the seedlings have 3 true leaves, 1 seedling is kept every 10 centimeters; when the seedlings grow to 8 centimeters high, one seedling is planted every 15 to 20 centimeters, leaving seedlings for each hole in the seedlings. 2 Tree. Where the seedlings are missing, they are filled with strong seedlings.
Intertillage: Shallow 1-2 times in the early growth stage to break the compaction, loosen the soil and increase the ground temperature. In combination with cultivator, proper soil cultivation, to prevent lodging. After the plant is ridged, it is not necessary to cultivate it.
Topdressing: After Dingmiao, Mushi urea 10 kg, plant stems branching after the closure of the line before the application of 50 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer 25 kg each. At the same time, topping, to promote more branches, more buds, increase production.