How to slow the heat of cows in summer

The effect of heat stress on dairy cows is mainly due to the declining milk production performance and reduced fecundity of dairy cows in summer. In order to alleviate and reduce the damage of heat stress to dairy cows, the most important thing is to improve the welfare of dairy cows and raise the raising technology of dairy cows. The effect of heat stress is hot in summer. Due to the slow perspiration rate of cows, the body temperature rises, the breath speeds up, the metabolism of the cows is reduced, the appetite decreases, the feed intake decreases, and the nutrition is negatively balanced. Dairy cows lost weight and their body condition decreased; milk production and milk fat percentage decreased at the same time, reproductive rates decreased, and sickness and mortality increased. Once the temperature exceeds 27 °C, the feed intake of dairy cows will decrease, and it will have an adverse effect on dairy cows. When the temperature reaches or exceeds 32°C, the milk production will be significantly reduced and the production will be reduced by 3%-20%. High temperature and high humidity have a greater impact on the performance of dairy cows. Please pay attention to three temperature and humidity ranges: When the temperature is 38°C and the humidity is 20%, measures should be taken to reduce the pressure on the environment of the dairy cows. Some cooling measures must be taken; when the temperature reaches 38°C and the humidity is 50%, the cow will be in danger; when the temperature is 38°C and the humidity is 80%, it will be fatal to the cow. This requires artificial methods to help the cow heat and improve the nutritional supply of dairy cows to increase feed intake. Effective measures to reduce heat stress (1) Improve the welfare of dairy cows and improve the environment in cowsheds, milking areas and playgrounds. Reduce pressure on dairy cows by improving the living conditions of dairy cows. First of all, we must block external heat sources from entering the cowshed and sports grounds, and at the same time, promote the heat and moisture in the cowshed to be discharged outwards, and promote heat dissipation of cow body heat through measures such as air supply, water spray, and watering. In areas where the air is dirty and not in circulation, the cows may be in danger in a short period of time and may even be killed. This requires the strengthening of the cows' summer cooling in the areas to be milked and milked. Specifically the following measures can be taken: 1. The barn should be built in a well-ventilated area to facilitate the removal of heat and moisture in the barn. Use materials with good insulating properties to build roofs or add roofs to reduce heat radiation. Construct a pergola on the roof of the cowshed, grow melons, spray water or brush lime to reduce reflected heat and radiant heat. 2. A simple arbour should be set up in the dairy stadium. The height of the arbor should be 5 meters. The material of the ceiling should have good thermal insulation properties and a small radiation factor. The ceiling should be built in an inclined manner to facilitate air circulation. 3. Install large ventilation fans and electric fans with large air volume in the house to speed up the flow rate of the gas in the house so as to disperse the heat of the cattle body. The effect of blowing air is best during the hot season, which is very important for the distribution of the body heat. However, the difference in body temperature and temperature during the night is relatively large, and the duration of the air supply can be shortened. In general, the body temperature of dairy cow peaks in the evening. Therefore, when the temperature is higher than 29°C and the humidity is above 50%, the temperature needs to be reduced from 5 o'clock in the morning to 1 o'clock in the night. There are more lying cows in the evening and they can change their status to ventilation and air supply. 4. It is best to install the spraying device in the house, preferably together with the ventilation device. Spraying and blowing can significantly promote the heat dissipation of the bovine body. However, it is necessary to take care of the spraying time. If the spraying time is too long, it will cause the barn humidity to be too high and waste water. According to experiments, spraying once every 5 minutes, each time for 3 minutes, with a fan at the same time, will reduce the temperature of the cowhouse by 1.5°C lower than that of a fan without a spray. 5. Moderately grow trees and grasses around cowsheds and playgrounds to reduce solar radiation, prevent hot gas from entering the cowshed and improve the microclimate of cattle farms. 6. Cooling is required during the milking of cows and during milking. Walking cows to the milking area during the summer will increase heat stress, and cows will increase their calorific value during the milking process. Therefore, it is necessary to cool the two districts and install larger fans to blow large amounts of air over the cows. Around the body. (b) Withering nutrients and feeding techniques to strengthen the feeding and management of dairy cows. By adjusting and improving feed structure and feeding technology, heat generation that is not related to milk production is minimized and suppressed. 1. The direct cause of the decline in dairy milk production in summer is the decline in feed intake. It has been determined that the feed intake of cows at 22°C to 25°C decreases, and that at 30°C or more decreases significantly, with a drop of more than 50%. Therefore, enhancing the appetite of dairy cows is an important measure to reduce heat stress. (1) Increase the protein level of dairy cows' diet, generally 18%-20%, increase the proportion of rumen protein, and account for more than 35% of crude protein. However, it must be taken care not to overdo it, otherwise the excess protein will be deaminated to provide energy, increase “heat increase” and aggravate heat stress. Increase the amount of good quality roughage such as alfalfa hay and the palatability of good digestible feeds such as carrots. (2) The dietary concentration in summer should be high and the volume should be small. Try to meet the needs of individual nutrition. Adding fatty acids such as calcium, cottonseed, and other ruminal fats, the dietary fat content can reach about 5%. (3) In summer, the dairy cow diet should control the amount of roughage feed and increase the ratio of concentrates. Inferior roughage will increase the calorific value of dairy cows. However, it should be noted that the maximum proportion of dietary concentrate should not exceed 60%, so as not to affect the milk fat rate and the occurrence of metabolic disorders. 2. In the feeding method of dairy cows, it is better to use less feeding and feeding, and it is advisable to feed 4 times daily on concentrates. To prevent the accumulation of feed in the feed tank rancid deterioration. 3. Adjust the feeding time, because the 2-3 hours after the intake is the peak stage of heat production, so in the summer feeding time, you should choose to increase the feeding during the night when the temperature is relatively low. From 8 pm to 8 am the next morning, the amount of feed can account for 60%-70% of the entire diet, especially for rough materials should be arranged from 8pm to 5am. 4. In hot summer days, due to the increase of the respiration and perspiration of dairy cows, mineral deficiencies are often caused, so the amount of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, etc. should be increased, and potassium can be increased to account for the dry matter of the diet. 1.2%-1.5%, sodium 0.5%, and magnesium 0.3%. According to experiments, adding 100-115g of potassium carbonate/head/day in summer diets can minimize the impact of heat stress on cows. 5. Provide plenty of fresh and refreshing drinking water, if necessary, add water facilities. The best water temperature is 10°C. Cool water helps cows to lower their body temperature and increase their appetite. Change the feeding of congee material, the effect is also very obvious. 6. Feed additives should be used rationally. Adding 6g/head/day niacin to the diet can also reduce the effects of heat stress. Use ruminal buffers to add buffers to high-concentrate, low-coarse diets such as 0.75% to 1.5% sodium bicarbonate or 0.35% to 0.4% magnesium oxide in dairy cow diets. Better feeding effect. Adding methionine and vitamin A to dairy cow diets also slows the cow's heat stress. 7. To adjust the time of work and rest and use night-time stocking exercises, the cows must be released after the heat is emitted, so as to avoid the heat stroke and the heat of the cows themselves.

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