Macrobrachium prawn breeding technology
2024-10-11 15:04:27
Shrimp field conditions
1. Site selection The shrimp farm site should be selected for smooth flow, no industrial sewage pollution, salinity 8‰-30‰, p H7.8-8.7, dissolved oxygen above 5 ml/l, no detection of hydrogen sulfide, copper, mercury Concentrations of harmful substances such as zinc and zinc meet the fishery standards stipulated by the state, and are rich in food resources, convenient transportation, normal power supply, flat terrain, sedimentation, sedimentation, convenient construction, abundant supply of fresh water in sea, and areas where flood discharges are smooth.
2. Shrimp pond construction Shrimp ponds should be built into rectangles with a length-to-width ratio of 5:1-8:1, and tidal-fluvial-type intensive cultured soil ponds with an area of ​​2-15 acres per pond. Each shrimp pond should be equipped with a row of irrigation sluice, the gate width 1.0-1.5 meters, each gate wall set three gates, the middle slot installation gate, the inner and outer tanks install the gate, the gate bottom is lower than the deepest inside the pool, in order to drain the pool water It is beneficial to clearing the pool and collecting shrimp. The pool water depth should be kept between 1.0 and 1.5 meters. It is also possible to dig 5 meters deep and 2 meters deep around the pond and in the middle, so that when the summer water temperature exceeds 35 degrees Celsius, the fleshy sharks can be used for habitat avoidance.
Stocking preparation
1, Qingchi disinfection of freshly excavated shrimp ponds, should be soaked in early water, until the pH value of the pool is stable and then disinfected; and for the old shrimp ponds, after the collection of shrimp, the pool of water should be drained, closed the gate Sink the pool and remove the sludge and weeds from the pool before disinfecting. At present, the main drugs used for disinfection are tea cakes, quicklime and so on.
(1) Tea seed cake: The dosage is 15 grams per ton of water. When used, the tea seed cake is first dried, broken into powder and then added with fresh water and soaked for 1-2 days. The slag is evenly spread in the pool to kill the fish.
(2) Quicklime: The dosage is 0.5 -1 kg per ton of water, and it is evenly thrown into the pool to kill all living things. Quicklime is used in low-pH shrimp ponds to not only kill harmful organisms, but also to adjust the pH of shrimp ponds.
2. After cultivating the basic bait poisoning pond, the water can be fertilized and the basic bait can be cultivated after 2-3 days. Nitrogen fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers, and organic fertilizers should generally be used. Commonly used nitrogen fertilizers include urea and ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, phosphate fertilizers including superphosphate and toms phosphorus, organic fertilizers such as chicken manure and cow dung. Nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer ratio of 3:1 or 3:2, fertilization 2-3 grams per ton of water. Fertilize one time in the first 3-5 days and fertilize once in the latter 7-10 days. Better transparency 25-30 cm. The color control of the shrimp and juvenile stages should be based on the principle of stability. It is best to keep yellow or light brown.
Shrimp stocking
1. After the stock-based bait has been bred, it can be planted. Restocking time should be determined by the weather. It should not be stocked when it is hot and after heavy rain. When the weather is warm, it is more appropriate to put seedlings at 8-10 o'clock in the morning or in the evening.
2. Before transplanting, the seedlings shall be tested for water temperature and salinity in the breeding ponds to avoid death caused by too large a difference in water temperature and salinity of the nursery ponds. If there is a large difference in water temperature, the bag containing the shrimp can be directly placed in the culture pond, and after the water temperature reaches equilibrium, the seedlings can be planted; if the salinity difference is large, the culture pond water can be poured into the shrimp seedling bag. In a moment, pour it out and pour it in again, and repeat it several times until the shrimp seedlings can adapt to the salinity of the culture pond and put them back. For the sake of safety, a small part of the shrimp can be released to see if it is adapted to the quality of the culture pond. The adapted shrimp quickly dive into the bottom of the pool, while the unsuitable shrimps roam on the surface of the water layer. If shrimps are found to be unaccustomed, they must be domesticated until they are adapted to stocking, so as to avoid loss. 3, whether the shrimp and shrimp purchasing success, the prerequisite is to stock up healthy and lively shrimp, the following describes the purchase of shrimp in several ways. 1 best to buy the same batch of hatching shrimp, to avoid uneven; 2 choose healthy shrimp; 3 choose clean shrimp, no debris attached to the shrimp; 4 select the tentacles close together the shrimp seedlings; Long shrimp seedlings; 6 selection of large tail fan shrimp seedlings; 7 selection of vigorous shrimp seedlings.
For shrimps that are sampled and tested above, aquariums should be taken from the aeration holes instead of the shrimp around the nursery ponds. Healthy shrimp usually cling to the edge of the pool while some infirm persons float around the aeration holes. Therefore, if the inspection of the shrimp around the aeration hole is robust, then the viability of the shrimp should be better.
Feed feeding
1, feed type monodon Penaeus complex and slightly biased towards the vegetal, so early ingestion of natural food diatoms, green algae and various small animals or their bodies, and feed some supplementary feed such as peanut bran, rice bran, bean cake, etc. Later, with the growth and development, gradually increase the number of animal feed such as fish, shrimp or small shellfish. Peanut bran, bean cake and rice bran can be directly used as feed. Leftover can be used as fertilizer for cultivated algae, but the amount is better, so as to prevent the bottom of the plant from deodorizing.
2, the amount of daily feed on the amount of shrimp feed, on the whole, if you feed the next mixed fish, shrimp and other natural feed, the average weight of 0.008-0.1 g shrimp, the daily feed for the overall weight of the young shrimp About 80%; 1-10 grams of shrimp, cast about 50%; 10-30 grams cast 20%; 30 grams or more will cast about 10%. If artificially formulated feed is used, young prawns with an average weight of 0.2 - 2 g will be bred with about 10% of the prawns and the average weight of 30 g or more will be 4% -5% of body weight. It is advisable to feed the natural feeds and compound feeds at intervals so as to complement each other.
3. Feeding method The feed is fed in four times a day. The feed is fed once a day in the morning, once before noon, and once in the evening and once in the evening, and once in the evening at 9-10. The amount of feed is more in the morning and evening. Noon and night can be appropriately less vote.
When the shrimp is stocked, when to start feeding depends on the natural feed in the shrimp pond. If the natural feed is rich, you can not feed it for the time being. If there is not a lot of feed creatures in the water, you should feed it after stocking. Otherwise, the feed will be lacking. The shrimp will kill each other and cause losses when they are hungry.
Promote the use of artificial compound feed, if you feed the next mixed fish, shrimp, shellfish, must be fresh. When peanut bran is fed, it is cut into small pieces and put into the pool. Shrimp can gather and feed. When rice bran is used as feed, it should be put into rice bran or a large iron plate. Add a little water to stir in the water. Before feeding, avoid floating on the surface of the water or being blown away by the wind; fish is cut into pieces or cut into slices using a slicer; shrimp can be fed directly; shellfish such as thin shells and shrimp The larger ones can be directly put into the pool to feed the shrimp.
Water quality management
The quality of water quality is the key to the success or failure of shrimp farming. In the process of raising shrimp, attention should always be paid to changes in water quality. Observing water quality can be done with transparency. In the juvenile stage, the transparency should be controlled at 25-35 cm. The juvenile shrimp should be 35-45 cm. If the shrimp body reaches 8-10 cm, the transparency is less than 30 cm. Black shad may occur within one week.
1. Frequent changing of water and water changing time should be determined according to changes in water color, transparency, cleanliness of shrimp shells and bowls, and contamination degree of sediments.
2. Adjusting salinity Where freshwater sources are abundant, salinity should be adjusted according to the different stages of growth of the shrimp in order to grow fast and comfortable.
3. Improved water quality Conditional shrimp farms can also use water quality improvers such as superphosphate, microbiological agents, and photosynthetic bacteria to improve water quality to absorb or decompose the organic matter in the bottom of the pond and reduce the hazards of ammonia and other toxic gases.
1. Site selection The shrimp farm site should be selected for smooth flow, no industrial sewage pollution, salinity 8‰-30‰, p H7.8-8.7, dissolved oxygen above 5 ml/l, no detection of hydrogen sulfide, copper, mercury Concentrations of harmful substances such as zinc and zinc meet the fishery standards stipulated by the state, and are rich in food resources, convenient transportation, normal power supply, flat terrain, sedimentation, sedimentation, convenient construction, abundant supply of fresh water in sea, and areas where flood discharges are smooth.
2. Shrimp pond construction Shrimp ponds should be built into rectangles with a length-to-width ratio of 5:1-8:1, and tidal-fluvial-type intensive cultured soil ponds with an area of ​​2-15 acres per pond. Each shrimp pond should be equipped with a row of irrigation sluice, the gate width 1.0-1.5 meters, each gate wall set three gates, the middle slot installation gate, the inner and outer tanks install the gate, the gate bottom is lower than the deepest inside the pool, in order to drain the pool water It is beneficial to clearing the pool and collecting shrimp. The pool water depth should be kept between 1.0 and 1.5 meters. It is also possible to dig 5 meters deep and 2 meters deep around the pond and in the middle, so that when the summer water temperature exceeds 35 degrees Celsius, the fleshy sharks can be used for habitat avoidance.
Stocking preparation
1, Qingchi disinfection of freshly excavated shrimp ponds, should be soaked in early water, until the pH value of the pool is stable and then disinfected; and for the old shrimp ponds, after the collection of shrimp, the pool of water should be drained, closed the gate Sink the pool and remove the sludge and weeds from the pool before disinfecting. At present, the main drugs used for disinfection are tea cakes, quicklime and so on.
(1) Tea seed cake: The dosage is 15 grams per ton of water. When used, the tea seed cake is first dried, broken into powder and then added with fresh water and soaked for 1-2 days. The slag is evenly spread in the pool to kill the fish.
(2) Quicklime: The dosage is 0.5 -1 kg per ton of water, and it is evenly thrown into the pool to kill all living things. Quicklime is used in low-pH shrimp ponds to not only kill harmful organisms, but also to adjust the pH of shrimp ponds.
2. After cultivating the basic bait poisoning pond, the water can be fertilized and the basic bait can be cultivated after 2-3 days. Nitrogen fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers, and organic fertilizers should generally be used. Commonly used nitrogen fertilizers include urea and ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, phosphate fertilizers including superphosphate and toms phosphorus, organic fertilizers such as chicken manure and cow dung. Nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer ratio of 3:1 or 3:2, fertilization 2-3 grams per ton of water. Fertilize one time in the first 3-5 days and fertilize once in the latter 7-10 days. Better transparency 25-30 cm. The color control of the shrimp and juvenile stages should be based on the principle of stability. It is best to keep yellow or light brown.
Shrimp stocking
1. After the stock-based bait has been bred, it can be planted. Restocking time should be determined by the weather. It should not be stocked when it is hot and after heavy rain. When the weather is warm, it is more appropriate to put seedlings at 8-10 o'clock in the morning or in the evening.
2. Before transplanting, the seedlings shall be tested for water temperature and salinity in the breeding ponds to avoid death caused by too large a difference in water temperature and salinity of the nursery ponds. If there is a large difference in water temperature, the bag containing the shrimp can be directly placed in the culture pond, and after the water temperature reaches equilibrium, the seedlings can be planted; if the salinity difference is large, the culture pond water can be poured into the shrimp seedling bag. In a moment, pour it out and pour it in again, and repeat it several times until the shrimp seedlings can adapt to the salinity of the culture pond and put them back. For the sake of safety, a small part of the shrimp can be released to see if it is adapted to the quality of the culture pond. The adapted shrimp quickly dive into the bottom of the pool, while the unsuitable shrimps roam on the surface of the water layer. If shrimps are found to be unaccustomed, they must be domesticated until they are adapted to stocking, so as to avoid loss. 3, whether the shrimp and shrimp purchasing success, the prerequisite is to stock up healthy and lively shrimp, the following describes the purchase of shrimp in several ways. 1 best to buy the same batch of hatching shrimp, to avoid uneven; 2 choose healthy shrimp; 3 choose clean shrimp, no debris attached to the shrimp; 4 select the tentacles close together the shrimp seedlings; Long shrimp seedlings; 6 selection of large tail fan shrimp seedlings; 7 selection of vigorous shrimp seedlings.
For shrimps that are sampled and tested above, aquariums should be taken from the aeration holes instead of the shrimp around the nursery ponds. Healthy shrimp usually cling to the edge of the pool while some infirm persons float around the aeration holes. Therefore, if the inspection of the shrimp around the aeration hole is robust, then the viability of the shrimp should be better.
Feed feeding
1, feed type monodon Penaeus complex and slightly biased towards the vegetal, so early ingestion of natural food diatoms, green algae and various small animals or their bodies, and feed some supplementary feed such as peanut bran, rice bran, bean cake, etc. Later, with the growth and development, gradually increase the number of animal feed such as fish, shrimp or small shellfish. Peanut bran, bean cake and rice bran can be directly used as feed. Leftover can be used as fertilizer for cultivated algae, but the amount is better, so as to prevent the bottom of the plant from deodorizing.
2, the amount of daily feed on the amount of shrimp feed, on the whole, if you feed the next mixed fish, shrimp and other natural feed, the average weight of 0.008-0.1 g shrimp, the daily feed for the overall weight of the young shrimp About 80%; 1-10 grams of shrimp, cast about 50%; 10-30 grams cast 20%; 30 grams or more will cast about 10%. If artificially formulated feed is used, young prawns with an average weight of 0.2 - 2 g will be bred with about 10% of the prawns and the average weight of 30 g or more will be 4% -5% of body weight. It is advisable to feed the natural feeds and compound feeds at intervals so as to complement each other.
3. Feeding method The feed is fed in four times a day. The feed is fed once a day in the morning, once before noon, and once in the evening and once in the evening, and once in the evening at 9-10. The amount of feed is more in the morning and evening. Noon and night can be appropriately less vote.
When the shrimp is stocked, when to start feeding depends on the natural feed in the shrimp pond. If the natural feed is rich, you can not feed it for the time being. If there is not a lot of feed creatures in the water, you should feed it after stocking. Otherwise, the feed will be lacking. The shrimp will kill each other and cause losses when they are hungry.
Promote the use of artificial compound feed, if you feed the next mixed fish, shrimp, shellfish, must be fresh. When peanut bran is fed, it is cut into small pieces and put into the pool. Shrimp can gather and feed. When rice bran is used as feed, it should be put into rice bran or a large iron plate. Add a little water to stir in the water. Before feeding, avoid floating on the surface of the water or being blown away by the wind; fish is cut into pieces or cut into slices using a slicer; shrimp can be fed directly; shellfish such as thin shells and shrimp The larger ones can be directly put into the pool to feed the shrimp.
Water quality management
The quality of water quality is the key to the success or failure of shrimp farming. In the process of raising shrimp, attention should always be paid to changes in water quality. Observing water quality can be done with transparency. In the juvenile stage, the transparency should be controlled at 25-35 cm. The juvenile shrimp should be 35-45 cm. If the shrimp body reaches 8-10 cm, the transparency is less than 30 cm. Black shad may occur within one week.
1. Frequent changing of water and water changing time should be determined according to changes in water color, transparency, cleanliness of shrimp shells and bowls, and contamination degree of sediments.
2. Adjusting salinity Where freshwater sources are abundant, salinity should be adjusted according to the different stages of growth of the shrimp in order to grow fast and comfortable.
3. Improved water quality Conditional shrimp farms can also use water quality improvers such as superphosphate, microbiological agents, and photosynthetic bacteria to improve water quality to absorb or decompose the organic matter in the bottom of the pond and reduce the hazards of ammonia and other toxic gases.
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