Meat sheep science feeding technology

Variety introduction and introduction

1, meat sheep varieties. There are more than 30 species of mutton sheep currently raised in China. Introduced from abroad: 1 Boer goat. Originating in South Africa and now spreading all over the world, it is currently the most famous meat goat breed in the world. It began to be introduced to China in 1995, mainly in Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Sichuan and other provinces. In 1998, Shandong Province introduced more than 150 Boer goats from New Zealand, mainly in Heze and Binzhou. The appearance of Boer goats is that the body of the coat is white, with good luster, brown head and neck, thick corners, and large drooping ears. The body is large, the limbs are well developed, the body features of the meat are obvious, the body is rectangular, and the parts are well connected. Boer goats have high meat production performance and good lamb quality, and are precocious and fat. Under good husbandry conditions, the daily weight gain of the lamb is more than 200 grams, mainly for green roughage, supplemented with a small amount of concentrate, and it can reach 26 kilograms at 7.5 months of age. Boer goats weigh 90 kg for adult rams, 50 kg for ewes and up to 130 kg for individuals. Boer goat ewes can be estrus year-round, mostly in autumn, with an average lambing rate of 193%. High-yielding sheep can reach 225% or even higher. Its milking power is also strong. It produces about 2.5 liters of milk per day. 2 Don Dorset sheep. The sheep is native to the United Kingdom. It was introduced in the 1970s in China and was raised in Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia. It is also recognized as one of the better improved varieties. Its main feature is that male and female ewes have no horns. The body is long, wide and deep, and the hindquarters are well developed. The adult ram weighs between 102 and 125 kilograms and the ewes weigh between 75 and 90 kilograms. The 4 months old fat lamb produces about 23 kilograms of meat, the lambing rate is 130% to 180%, the annual shearing rate is 2.3 to 3.2 kilograms, the hair length is 7 to 10 centimeters, and the fineness is 50 to 56 pieces. 3 South hill sheep. Origin of the United Kingdom, the coat was pale gray, mouth, lips, nose black, medium body, chest width, body barrel, full muscle, its main performance: adult ram weight 80 to 110 kg, ewe 60-80 kg, characterized by early maturity, easy fat, good carcass quality, slaughter rate of more than 60%, about 3 kg of shearing. 4 Suffolk sheep. Origin of the United Kingdom, the main appearance characteristics are long head, long ears, long and thick neck, large body, full muscle, hind well-developed, adult ram weight 90 to 100 kg, ewes weight 65 to 70 kg, shearing 3 kg, hair length 8 to 9 cm, 4 months fat lamb produced 21 kg of meat. In addition to the above-mentioned special varieties for sheep and sheep, China has also introduced several breeds of sheep, such as German Merino, Romney, and Lincoln, which are effective in improving the local sheep breeds in China, and can quickly increase the growth of local sheep. Speed ​​and production

Meat performance.

China's domestic sheep breeds are very rich in resources, there are many good local breeds, its meat production performance is no less than foreign sheep breeds. The most influential cotton goat breeds are: 1 Small Tail Han sheep. Originated from the border of four provinces in Shandong Province, Luyu and Suyu, the improvement of fine wool sheep in the 1960s reduced the production of Small Tail Han sheep, and is now mainly distributed in parts of Heze City, Shandong Province. Since the 1980s, the implementation of small tail Han sheep Breeding of breeds has greatly improved the production performance of Small Tail Han sheep, and has become a good local breed of mutton sheep with a greater impact in China. Its main appearance characteristics are tall, large ears, drooping ears, high extremities, ram body up to 1 meter or more, other varieties of sheep in more than 70 to 80 centimeters; coat color is white, rams have large spiral angle, ewes and more sickle Ginger-shaped and ginger-like horns, with a round fan-shaped tail, tail length but no fly-nodes, a longitudinal groove at the end, and a tip turned upside down. The main performance: First, rapid growth and development, aged 80 to 110 kilograms of rams, ewe in the 60 to 70 kilograms, the largest ram weight up to 182 kilograms, the largest ewes up to 95 kilograms, the body weight, physical The major is rare at home and abroad; the second is early maturation, male and female ewes 5 months of age can be estrus, male rams can be used in 8 months of age, ewes 6 months of age can be used to breed pregnant; Third, more lambs, small tail Sheep can be bred all year round with estrus. Other sheep breeds do not have this feature. It can produce two or three births a year. Except for some single ewes producing single lambs, most ewes produce three to four lambs. 5 to 7 lambs; Fourth, adaptability and strong resistance, north to northeast, Inner Mongolia, south to Yunnan, Guangdong and Guangxi, west to Xinjiang, Qinghai and other places, the sheep are performing well, and some places introduced sheep than the original place of origin Better performance. Small-tailed Han sheep also have certain disadvantages, such as the lack of development of the chest, the hindquarters are not full, if the foreign meat varieties and the Han sheep, will greatly improve the meat condition of the Little Tail Han sheep, increase lamb production. 2 Big Tail Han sheep. They are mainly distributed in some counties in the city of Liaocheng, Shandong Province. The appearance of the head is slightly longer, the ears are drooping, the male and female sheep have no horns, and the coat is mostly white. A few individuals have variegated spots on the head. As the tail is long and some may droop to the ground, it is called the Big Tail Han sheep. The early growth and development of the sheep is characterized by high slaughter rate, net flesh, and more tail fat, but the ewes fertility and small tail Han sheep Compared to not too high, more common lambs, rare lambs. Its body shape is also not obvious, and it needs further improvement. 3 with sheep and Altay sheep. The same sheep are produced in the Weinan and Xianyang areas of Shaanxi; the Altay sheep are produced in the northern Altay region of Xinjiang. Both sheep also have the advantages of precocity, easy fat, and roughage, but they produce fewer lambs.

The production of lambs, the amount of meat produced is not much, using foreign breeder sheep and their hybrids, the development of fat lamb is the direction of the development of local sheep breeds. 4 horse head goats. China's more famous breeds of goats are produced in the mountainous areas of Hunan and western Hubei and are now distributed in Shaanxi, Henan and Sichuan provinces. They are excellent meat goat breeds in the mountainous regions of southern China. 5 Nanjiang Yellow Sheep. It was produced around Nanjiang County in Sichuan Province. The sheep was selected and bred for 30 years. It passed the inspection of the Ministry of Agriculture in October 1995 and was determined to be the best goat breed with the best meat performance in China.

The price of imported foreign varieties of mutton is relatively high, and large investment is required. The use of local native breeders to carry out crossbreeding and improvement, and the use of their offspring for the production of mutton sheep is more appropriate to our national conditions. The more common methods of hybridization are the following: First, simple hybridization, also known as binary crossbreeding, in which the sheep is used as the male parent for good meat breeds, and the local sheep is used as the female parent to use its hybrid generation for fattening. The second is the three-way crossbreeding, in which a good meat breeder sheep is first crossed with a local sheep. The ewes produced by the offspring are crossed with another ram, a good meat breed, and the offspring produced are all used for the production of lamb meat. The third is cross-breeding, that is, using two varieties or two or more varieties in a planned alternating manner. All generations of hybrid ewes were selected to leave part of the excellent individuals to hybridize with other species, while other hybrid ewes and all hybrid rams were used economically.

2. Introduced precautions. 1 Lead sheep before departure. Before the departure of the sheep, we must make necessary preparations. Analyze according to local agricultural production, feed forage, geographic location and other factors, specifically examine the characteristics of several breeds of sheep and adaptability to the localities, and then determine what to introduce. The breed is a goat or a sheep. For example, in the area south of the Yangtze River, it is suitable for goat feeding. In the cold north, it is more suitable for sheep rearing. The mountainous hilly area is also suitable for goat breeding. According to one's own financial resources, we must reasonably determine the number of sheep to be introduced so that we can buy sheep and have money to raise sheep. Prepare forage preparation before purchasing sheep, repair sheep house, and provide necessary facilities. It is best to choose a sheep leader who has experience in raising a sheep, who can distinguish the age, know the quality of the sheep, and have knowledge of sheep selection. 2 Select lead sheep locations. Usually go to the main origin of the species. Several mutton sheep breeds introduced abroad are mostly raised in national and provincial scientific research departments and breeding.

On the court, in the absence of identification of the species, it is best not to introduce the species outside the main producing area to avoid being deceived. When introducing, take the initiative to get in touch with the local livestock department. 3 Select lead sheep time. The best season for attracting sheep is spring and autumn. This is because the temperature is not low and the weather is not cold or hot during the two seasons. The most wild bogey introduced in the summer, from June to September the weather was hot, rainy, most of them are not conducive to long-distance transportation. If the lead sheep is closer, no more than one day, it may not consider the sheep's season. For the local good breed sheep, most of these sheep are concentrated in the hands of farmers. Therefore, we must try to avoid the summer harvest and the busy autumn season. At this time, most farmers do not care to sell sheep. The choice is narrow and it is difficult to attract sheep. 4 buy sheep. The selection of sheep is the key to the smooth development of raising sheep. If farmers want to go to sheep breeding farms to attract sheep, it is necessary to first understand whether the sheep farm has a “Livestock and Poultry Production License” and “Sheep Breeding” issued by the animal husbandry department. "Certificate of certification" and "family ear number registration", the three are complete. If the farmers in the main producing areas purchase, they should take the initiative to contact the local animal husbandry department, or they can entrust the animal husbandry department to handle them, so that they can take good quality control. When selecting, it depends on whether its appearance characteristics are in line with the characteristics of this breed. The ram must choose 1 to 2 years old. The hand touches the testis with flexibility. Pay attention not to purchase the single testicle sheep. The hand feels painful and has many orchitis, and the sensation Good but not too fat. Most ewes choose to be around the age of majority. Most of these sheep are in breeding season. The ewes are strong, the nipples are large and uniform, and the number of rams is determined according to the size of the population. The general ratio requirement is 1:15 to 20. The smaller the population, the more appropriate the increase. Number of rams to prevent inbreds. 5 transportation. The sheep should not be too crowded. Generally, 50 trailers are installed. In winter, the number of trailers can be increased. In summer, the number of vehicles must be kept at a constant speed to avoid sudden braking. Generally, parking should be checked every 1 hour or so. From the beginning, to prevent step on, press. In particular, the mountain transportation must be more careful. Enough water should be given in a timely manner. Sheep should be filled with enough fodder to feed the local sheep. One day they should be fed 3 times and water 4 to 5 times.

Nutritional characteristics of mutton sheep

Sheep are ruminants. The main difference between pigs and other monogastric animals is that they have a large rumen and a large amount of microorganisms, just like a highly efficient and continuously inoculated living fermentation tank, which is more crude fiber. Strong ability to digest, and can use the nitrogenous substances in food to synthesize bacterial protein, and can also synthesize B vitamins and vitamin K during fermentation. According to the physiological characteristics of sheep, the feed requirements of mutton sheep are mainly based on coarse materials, supplemented by concentrated materials, and the feed requirements for proteins and vitamins are not strict.

Feed modulation and feeding

1. Drying and feeding method of hay. Sheep eat fresh grass time and hay time is about half, so the drying of hay is very important. The moisture content of finished hay is generally below 15%. The drying method of hay is most suitable for natural drying method. The main method is the first method of field drying. , suitable for areas with less rain. After the harvest, the pasture is flattened or piled into small heaps for drying. The second is drying grass on the shelf. When there is more rain in the summer and autumn, use a straw stand to grow grass. During the drying process, pastures are piled up into cones or ridges, 70 to 80 cm thick and 20 to 30 cm above the ground to keep them ventilated. The top of the grass racks should be protected from rain. Drying time 1 to 3 weeks. The third is the adjustment of hay, which is suitable for preparing hay in rainy or rainy seasons. The pasture is air-dried to a moisture content of about 50%, and the layered pallets are weighed, and the alfalfa is 3 to 5 meters high. When the stacking pallets are added, the total amount of salt is 0.5% to 1% of the total amount of forage grass. Add salt to prevent moisture and layer by layer. Compaction. The use of forage grass fermentation to increase the temperature, evaporation of part of the water, after 1 to 2 months after the turn over, so that it is naturally air-dried, high-quality hay suitable for feeding the whole plant, or crushed with the fine feed, can also be used to produce pellet feed.

2, straw feed modulation and feeding methods. Straw includes crop by-products. It has a wide range of sources and low prices and is the most important feed ingredient for the development of sheep in rural areas. One of its processing methods is the smashing method, which can improve the palatability of the sheep, reduce waste, and can be mixed with the fine material. The second is the fermentation method, which uses microbial fermentation to decompose the cellulose in the straw to improve the nutrient content of the straw and increase the crude protein content. The third method is ammoniation, using liquid ammonia, urea, carbon ammonia, and ammonia, ammoniating the straw under sealed conditions, and excavating a pool in the high-dry terrain. The pool can be large or small, with 1 cubic meter for each sheep. Meter design, with cement plastering, can also be replaced by plastic film to reduce expenses, the straw is crushed and then filled into the pool, according to 100 kg of straw plus urea 3 ~ 5 kg ratio, first urea plus appropriate amount of water, mix, spray on the straw , and then practical seal, 2 weeks in summer, more than 8 weeks in winter can be eaten. The fourth is the silage method, more suitable for just

Harvest corn corn stalks, silage method and ammoniation method is similar to the operation, first grind the corn stalks into the pool compaction seal, cover with a film on top, cover the soil to prevent rain from entering the pool, this method has a high success rate, the masses are easy to learn and use . Silage is generally used after 4 weeks and can be stored for long periods of time. When fed with a certain amount of concentrate, minerals and vitamins

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