Non-polluted cultivation technology of fruit-type cucumber in winter warm greenhouse
Fruit-type cucumbers are mainly cultivated in protected areas, suitable for autumn and winter warming greenhouses, winter and spring greenhouses and spring greenhouses. The cultivation techniques are briefly described below.
The wintering 茬 fruit type cucumber is suitable for seedlings from mid-September to early October. Grafting seedlings are used, and black seed pumpkin is used as a rootstock. In the appropriate period of nursery, the grafting method is adopted. The black seed pumpkin is 7-10 days later than the cucumber, and grafted by the plugging method. The black seed pumpkin is 3-4 days earlier than the cucumber.
Strong seedling standard
The cotyledons are intact, 4-5 true leaves, the plant height is 10-15cm, the leaves are dark green, the stems are thick and strong, the roots are developed in milky white, no pests and diseases, and the seedling age is 30 days.
Seed treatment
The price of fruit-type cucumber seeds is relatively high, and the manufacturer has strictly sterilized the coating, so that it is not necessary to soak the seeds, and the seeds can be directly exposed to the sun before sowing. Black seed pumpkin seeds must be soaked and germinated, the seeds are poured into hot water at 70-80 ° C, stirred to reduce the water temperature to 30 ° C, the mucus on the seed coat is washed off, and then soaked in 30 ° C warm water for 10-12 h, Drain the water, germination at 25-30 °C, germination after 1-2 days.
Seeding and grafting management
When grafting is carried out by using the plugging method, the pumpkin seeds are planted in the nutrient bowl, and the cucumber seeds are planted on the seedling tray or the seedbed; when grafted by the docking method, the pumpkin and the cucumber seeds are planted in the seedling tray or the seedbed. After sowing, the soil is covered with 1-1.5cm, covered with mulch and arched shed. Before the seedlings are unearthed, the temperature of the seedling bed is 25-30°C during the day, 16-20°C at night, and the ground temperature is 20-25°C. When the seedlings are unearthed, the bed mulch is removed and the bed is removed during the day. Temperature 25-28 ° C, night 15-18 ° C. Pay special attention to the need to cover the sunshade when the temperature is high at noon to avoid high temperature hot burning.
grafting
Grafting must be carried out in the shed, and a small arch shed is set up on the seedling bed. Hand and bamboo sticks, blades, etc. are disinfected with 70% alcohol before grafting. In order to ensure the survival rate of grafted seedlings, it is mainly grafted by the docking method.
When the first true leaf of the cucumber begins to unfold, the pumpkin cotyledon is fully grafted for the appropriate period of grafting. The pumpkin seedlings and the cucumber seedlings are carefully excavated from the seedling tray (bed), and the growth points of the two cotyledons of the pumpkin seedlings are first cut with a blade, and the angle of the leaflets below the cotyledons is 35-40° below the cotyledons. Cut a knife downward, deep to the transverse diameter of the hypocotyl 2 / 3, the length of the incision is about 1cm; 1cm below the cucumber seedlings, at a 25-30 ° angle obliquely cut a knife, deep up to 1 / 2 of the transverse diameter of the hypocotyl At 2-2/3, the incision is about 1 cm long; the incisions of cucumber and pumpkin are inserted together accurately and quickly, and clamped with grafting clips.
After the grafting, the pumpkin cotyledons hold the cucumber cotyledons, and the two are crossed together. After grafting, the grafted seedlings are planted into the nutrient bowl. After the grafting, the grafted seedlings will be neatly discharged into the seedbed, grafted in time, covered with a film, and buckled in a small arch shed. Within 3 days after grafting, the seedbed is not ventilated, the temperature of the seedbed is maintained at 25-28 °C during the day, and at 18-20 °C during the night, the relative humidity of the air is maintained at 90%-95%. After 3 days, depending on the condition of the seedlings, a small amount of wind will be released for a short period of time, and then the amount of air will be gradually increased. After one week, the interface will heal, and the grass will be gradually removed and the wind will be enlarged. The bed temperature is 22-26 °C during the day and 13-16 °C during the night. During the period, the seedlings are watered 1-2 times, and the pumpkin roots are cut off in time before transplanting.
Seedling stage pest control
The insect-proof net is used to seal the air outlet of the shed to prevent pests from entering. Spraying or watering the seedbed with 15% carbendazim 500 times solution, 20% methyl chlorophosphate 1200 times solution, 72.2% Plex water 600 times solution, etc., can prevent diseases such as squatting disease and blight .
3, colonization  
Choose a sunny day to plant in the morning, use a transfer device to punch a hole in the ridge, put the cucumber seedlings together in a hole, fill and water with soil. The plant spacing is about 35cm, and about 37,500 plants per hectare can be planted.
4. Management after planting
Temperature and humidity management
Do not let the wind before the seedlings, keep the room temperature at 28-30 °C during the day and 15-20 °C at night. In case of warm and sunny weather, the sunshade net can be used for proper shading at noon. After the seedlings are slowed down to the roots, the plants are mainly calcined and the watering is controlled. Promote root control. Room temperature 25-28 ° C during the day, 12-15 ° C during the night, do not exceed 30 ° C around noon, strengthen the wind and let the air, at night can leave the air outlet.
Entering the melon period, the temperature management is implemented. The indoor temperature is controlled at 25-30 °C every day from 8:00 to 13:00, and the air is released when the temperature exceeds 28 °C; 13:00-17:00, 20-25 °C, 17:00 pm - 0:00, 15-20°C; 0:00-8:00, 15-12°C, deep winter season (ie, late December to mid-February) can control higher temperature on sunny days, implement high temperature nutrition, indoor When the temperature reaches 30 °C or above, the air can be released.
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