Non-pollution Cultivation Techniques of Cabbage
I. Variety Selection Early spring plastic sheds and spring cabbages were selected for early maturing varieties with strong resistance, bolting resistance, and good commercial quality, such as 8398, Zhonggan No.11, Siji 39, Qingfeng, etc.; summer cabbage was selected for strong disease resistance. , Heat-resistant varieties, such as Zhonggan No.8, Xiaguang and other varieties; autumn cabbage selection of high quality, high yield, resistant to storage of late-maturing varieties, such as Jingfeng 1, Qiufeng, late-feng and other varieties.
Second, nursery
1. Seedling raising methods: According to cultivation season and methods, it can be cultivated in Yangshuo, plastic sheds, greenhouses and open fields. Electric heating can be used conditionally. Seedlings in open fields must have rain, insect and shade facilities.
2, with the amount of seed: about 50 grams per acre species.
3. Seed treatment (1) Drying treatment. Drying before sowing, generally put the shade dry, taboo exposure.
(2) Seed disinfection. Soaking in warm water at 50°C for 20 minutes, then soaking at room temperature for 3-4 hours; use 1.5 grams of bleaching powder per 100 grams of seeds, add a small amount of water, mix the seeds well, and seal the container for 16 hours to prevent black rot. Disease, black spot; use seed weight 0.3% of the 47% Garnett can be seed dressing can prevent black rot.
4. Pregermination: Remove the soaked seeds and wash them. After a little air-drying, wrap them in a wet cloth and put them on at 20-25°C to germinate. Rinse once daily with fresh water. When 20% of the seeds germinate, Can sow.
5, nursery bed preparation (1) bed soil preparation. The fertile garden soil that had not been planted with cruciferous vegetables in the past three years and the fully roasted sieve fertilizer were mixed in a ratio of 2:1, and 1 kg of compound fertilizer per cubic meter was added. The bed soil is spread into a seedbed with a thickness of 10-12 cm.
(2) bed soil disinfection. There are two methods to choose from. Use 50% DT fungicide 500 times liquid layered spray on the soil, mix and spread into the seedbed; use 50% carbendazim wettable powder and 50% thiram wettable powder 1:1 mixing, or 25% metalaxyl wettable powder and 70% mancozeb wettable powder according to 9:1, mixed with 8-10 grams per square meter and 15-30 kilograms of fine soil When sowing, 2/3 of them are laid on the surface of the bed, and the remaining 1/3 is covered on the seeds.
Third, sowing
1, sowing date: early spring plastic Shed Cabbage in late November to early December, late spring cabbage in late December to late January, summer cabbage in mid-April, late autumn cabbage in late June to early July.
2, method: pouring enough water, after the water seepage covered with a layer of fine soil (or medicine soil), the seed will be evenly sowed on the bed surface, cover soil 0.6-0.8 cm. Open summer and autumn seedlings can also be seeded with dry seeds.
IV. Seedling management
1. Temperature Management: See Table 1.
Table 1 Appropriate temperature during daytime management at seedling stage (°C) Suitable temperature at night (°C)
Seeding to Qimiao 20-25 14-16
Qi Miao to sub-family 12-17 6-10
Sub-seedlings to slow seedlings 18-22 14-16
Slow seedlings until 10 days before planting 15-18 10-12
10 days before planting until planting 12-15 8-10
2, thinning: sub-miao seedlings before and after 1-2 times, seedlings from 2-3 cm, remove disease, weak seedlings and hybrid seedlings, after the seedlings covered with soil once.
3, points seedlings: when the seedling 2 two leaves 1 heart seedlings. 10 cm row spacing in the seedling bed ditch, sitting on the water seedlings or direct seedlings in a 10 cm 10 cm nutrient bowl.
4. Sub-seedling management: after easing the seedlings, draw 2-3 times, the bed soil is not watered without drought, the watering should be poured with small water or water spray, and the water is irrigated for 7 days before planting and 1-2 days later. , And low-temperature refining seedlings. In summer and autumn, if the temperature is too high, watering and sunshading can be used to cool the plants. To prevent bed soil from drying out, prevent storms from escaping and promptly eliminate water accumulation in the seedbed. Sub-seedling should be properly shading, conditional deduction 20-30 mesh nylon mesh pest control.
5, strong seedlings standard: plant robust, plant height 12 cm, stem diameter 0.5 cm below, 6-7 leaves, leaf weight wax powder, root system developed, no pests.
V. Preparation before Planting Choose the former to be a non-cruciferous vegetable plot. Open field cultivation uses flat rakes, and plastic sheds can also use half stilts. In combination with site preparation, 5000 kg of fertilizer was applied per acre, 9 kg of urea, 40 kg of superphosphate, and 8 kg of potassium sulfate.
Sixth, colonization
1. Planting period: Early spring Plastic Shed Cabbage in the middle and mid-February, spring cabbage in mid-March to early April, summer cabbage in late May to mid-June, Autumn cabbage in late July to mid-August.
2. Method: According to the line spacing requirements, open the ditch, plant the seedlings by water, or water immediately after soil cultivation. Mud-covered diggings sit on hydroponic seedlings. Combined with planting water, use potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1000 times solution to ensure that the biological liquid fertilizer 1000 times Irrigation roots, promote rooting, seedling protection, seedlings seedlings strong.
3. Density: 4000-6000 strains of early maturing lines, 33-40 cm square line spacing, 2200-3000 medium-maturing lines, 50-6040-50 cm line spacing, 1800-2200 lines of late maturing lines, and 6050-60 cm line spacing.
VII. Management after planting
1. Retarded seedlings: After 4-5 days after planting, the seedlings were irrigated with water, followed by cultivating the soil with cultivator 1-2 times. The greenhouse should be warmed and kept warm. The suitable temperature is 20-22°C during the day and 10-12°C at night. It is insulated by means of stamped grass rakes and built-in small sheds.
2. Rosette period: By controlling the watering seedlings, the early maturing type is 6-8 days, and the medium and late mature types are 10-15 days. After the seedlings are completed, the combination of watering and applying 11 kg of urea per mu. The temperature of the greenhouse is controlled at 15-20°C during the day and 8-10°C at night.
(3) Ball period: keep the soil moist. The combination of watering acre 6 kg urea per acre, potassium sulfate 4 kg. The number of watering and the amount of water are controlled late in the ball to avoid cracking. In greenhouse cultivation, after the watering, the air should be released and the room temperature should not exceed 25°C. When the outside temperature is stable at 15°C, the membrane can be removed.
VIII. Pest Control The use of various pesticide species must strictly comply with safety intervals.
1, physical control (1) set yellow traps to kill locusts. Cut 10020 cm long strips of scrap fiberboard or cardboard, coat with yellow paint, and coat with a layer of engine oil, hung between rows or between plants, yellow plates should be higher than the top of the plants, hung 30-40 pieces per mu, when yellow When the board is full of tapeworms, it is re-coated with a layer of engine oil, which is usually re-coated once every 7-10 days.
(2) Use black light to trap pests.
2, pharmaceutical control disease (1) downy mildew. After the central strain was found, 40% of aluminum tris-phosphonate wettable powder 150-200 times, or 72.2% of premist (water) 600-800 times, or 75% of chlorothalonil can be used. Wet powder 500 times spray, alternating, rotating use, 7-10 days spray 1, even spray 2-3 times.
(2) Black spot. At the beginning of the disease, 75% of chlorothalonil wettable powder 500-600 times, or 50% of iprodione WP 1500 times, sprayed 7-10 days, sprayed 2-3 times.
(3) Black rot. At the beginning of the disease, use 14% of colubridium copper solution 600 times, or 77% of copper hydroxide wettable powder 500 times, or 72% of agricultural streptomycin soluble powder 4000 times, once every 7-10 days. Spray 2-3 times.
3, pesticides control pests (1) cabbage caterpillars. During the hatching of eggs, use BT wet powder 1000 times solution, or 5% of Sitafe EC 2500 times solution spray; use high-efficiency and low-toxicity chemical pesticides to prevent and control old larvae, according to the control indicators of different growth stages, use 2.5% Kung Fu EC 5000 times, or 10% bifenthrin (cypermethrin) EC 1000 times, or 40% phoxim EC 1000 times spray.
(2) Plutella xylostella. At the height of the 2nd instar larvae, use 5% Regent suspension, 17-34 ml per mu, add 50-75 liters of water, or 5% Sodium Chloride 2000 times, or 1.8% of abamectin EC. 3000 times liquid, or BT WP 1000 times spray. The above pharmaceuticals should be rotated and used interchangeably. Never use a single type of pesticide continuously for many years.
(3) Locusts. Use 50% of Kangweiwei WP 2000-3000 times, or 10% of imidacloprid wettable powder 1500 times, spray 6-7 days, spray 2-3 times. Appropriate amount of spreading agent can be added when using medicine.
(4) Spodoptera exigua. Before the 3rd instar larvae, it was sprayed with 5% of Sitaprom EC 2500-3000 times solution or 52.25% poisonous chlorine emulsion 1000 times solution. The drug was administered in the early evening of the sunny day and it could be used all day in cloudy days.
Nine, harvesting leaf ball can also be harvested after listing or storage.
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