Orchid cultivation and management techniques
January
(1) Antifreeze is the top priority. This month there are Osamu (5th or 6th) and the Great Cold (20th to 22nd) in two seasons. In addition to the tropical and subtropical regions of China, the average monthly temperature is below zero. As the northern cold air continues southward, this month is the lowest temperature in the tropical region of China. The management of orchids should place antifreeze in the first place. If there is a cold current, the windows should be closed sooner or later to ensure that the orchids cannot be frozen. Such as blue room temperature can be warmed below zero, but need to pay attention to the heating temperature can not be too high, about 5 degrees at night around 10 degrees is appropriate; at the same time pay attention to heating coal burner is not available to prevent gas injury seedlings.
(2) Let the orchid fully receive the light, pay attention to ventilation. The soft moonlight this month can rest assured that the orchids receive full light. In sunny weather, if the temperature in the blue room is around 10 degrees, you can open the windows for ventilation during the day and close the doors and windows in the evening.
(3) The temperature of the month is low and the watering should be carried out in the sunny morning. As close as possible to the water temperature and temperature should not be poured into the flower buds to prevent bud rot.
February
(1) Pay attention to the weather and beware of freezing injury. There are two seasons of the spring (4th or 5th) and rain (19th or 20th) this month. Although this month's temperature is slightly higher than the previous month by 1-2, the average monthly temperature outside the tropical and subtropical regions in China is below zero, and there are still cold currents. The weather is still very cold. Orchid conservation is still dominated by antifreeze.
(2) To stay strong and leave sparsely. After a winter dormancy, flower buds began to grow faster. According to the principle of weakening the potted orchids, the Yilan people must follow the principle of keeping weak and strong, and confront the newly emerged flower buds and flower buds from Houlongcao in time to sparge buds. , Cymbidium can stay a flower bud. This can concentrate nutrients and help Lancome to open goods in place.
(3) Spray foliar fertilizer appropriately. When the earth is rejuvenated, orchid buds begin to sprout and can be applied with extremely thin fertilizers. However, organic fertilizers or inorganic fertilizers are not allowed to be used as roots, but inorganic fertilizers or biological bacterial fertilizers are mainly used to promote sprout vigor and ensure the nutritional requirements for sprout growth.
(4) Clean blue house, insecticidal sterilization. The scraps of the broken leaves and coke tail should be cut off in time to conduct comprehensive insecticidal disinfection of the orchids and orchids. When spraying the drugs, pay attention to three points: First, the liquid should not be too strong to avoid damaging the orchid buds; Need to spray on a sunny morning; Third, the dose can not be sprayed too much, so as not to instill in the leaves rotten.
March
(1) Before the flowering and blooming, it should be fully illuminated, and when it is spent, it should be shaded. This month there are two territories of convulsions (5th or 6th) and vernal equinox (20th or 21st). In addition to the extreme cold temperatures in Heilongjiang Province and Tibet, the average temperature is above zero. The weather is warmer and softer. Before flowering, it should be placed in sunny place to receive sufficient light, and after the beginning of flowering, the shade must be properly shaded, otherwise, the petals will become yellow and yellow, and the tongue of the heart will become white or yellowish, which will damage the flower capacity and affect the flower products.
(2) Appropriate wet and dry, careful watering, put flower pot soil should be dry, air humidity should be high. Chunlan blooms this month and the air humidity should be higher. Air humidity has a great influence on the length of the stalks of Cymbidium; Although the humidity of the orchids during flowering should be high, the soil moisture should not be too high. Where the stigmatic valve is a flower type, the soil in the bud before the bud is pulled out should be properly controlled, and water should be less to make the basin soil dry. However, for the exotic flower orchids, the potted soil should not only be too dry during the flowering season, but should be moist on the contrary, so as to fully display the elegance of the exotic flowers.
(3) Properly cut flowers to avoid excessive consumption of nutrients. Orchid flowering consumes the most nutrients, such as allowing its flowers to blossom, impairing the orchid's future growth, and requiring timely cutting. Chunlan blossoms should generally be cut after half a month. One stem and many flowers should be cut after five or six days. If the rare rare species or the number of seedlings in the pot is small, it should be cut off immediately after flowering for two or three days.
April
(1) Open the window for ventilation and take care of the room. There are two seasons of Qingming (5th or 6th) and Guyu (20th or 21st) this month. The weather is warm, and frost and snow basically stop. In addition to extreme cold weather, all the potted plants can be taken out of the room for outdoor conservation, the use of closed blue room to raise the appropriate opening windows to facilitate ventilation.
(2) Bactericidal and insecticidal, blooming orchids require shading. This month, orchids can receive full light, and shading is generally not required. This month, Cymbidium begins to bloom, and it should be shaded during the blooming season. Otherwise, the color is not good and it will affect the product. As the temperature is getting higher and pests and diseases begin to grow, we must use fungicidal pesticides to disinfect the orchids and orchids in time.
(3) Turn over ramets to promote growth. Spring is one of the best seasons for turning orchids into vines. Potted orchids such as orchid seedlings or bowls of soil that have not been exchanged for more than two years must be used in spring to turn pots or ramets in time.
(4) deduction and fertilization, promote strong buds. For potted buds, you can apply a thin fertilizer before and after the spring equinox, and you need to fertilize the potted orchids that have spent more than 10 days. Whether it is to fertilize unplanted potted plants or fertilize potted plants after flowering, sunny weather should be selected, and water should be deducted properly before fertilization. When the potted soil is dry, fertilization has the best effect. The roots and basin soils are sufficient for absorbing fertilizers, and on the other hand, they also stimulate the blue plants to sprout buds with good results.
May
(1) Sparse net shading. In this month, there are two seasons of Lixia (5th or 6th) and Xiaomang (21st or 22nd). The temperature is getting higher and the sunlight is getting stronger. You can use sunscreen to shading the outdoor shade.
(2) Fertilize the buds. Most sprouts of this month's orchids have broken ground. To make new shoots strong, it is necessary to top-dress the orchids. It is better to use thin organic fertilizers at roots, and it is advisable to carry out the evening. The next morning, water must be poured. Can also be foliar fertilizer, one thousandth of urea plus one-thousandth of potassium dihydrogen phosphate spray, in order to prevent fertilizer damage the next morning should be sprayed with water to wash leaves. Can also be sprayed with biological bacterial fertilizers, such as root-enhancing, planting, blue fungus, and other giants. The use of granular planting materials to raise orchids is preferably organic fertilizers, inorganic fertilizers and biological bacterial fertilizers alternately, once a week.
(3) Watering carefully to prevent rotting. When the blue bud breaks open the mouth to open the leaf, the orchid buds should be covered and then sprinkled with water in order to prevent the buds from collecting water and sprouting; otherwise, if the buds enter the water carelessly, use a toothpick wrapped in toilet paper to suck the moisture out, and then future trouble.
(4) Pay attention to the prevention of pests and diseases. This month due to the dampness and high temperatures, resulting in the breeding of insects and fungi, the insecticidal work is even more important. The bactericidal drug was sprayed once every ten days, and was alternately used with thiophanate-methyl, carbendazim, and chlorpyrifos to increase the efficacy. Insecticides were sprayed once every half month, mainly omethoate and dicofol, and culled scale insects and red spiders were the best.
June
(1) This month, there are two kinds of seasonal seasons: Mang (6th or 7th) and Summer Solstice (21st or 22nd). During the year, the longest time in the day, the temperature is high, the light is strong, and the weather is hot. Shave and ventilate well to avoid sun exposure and burn blue leaves.
(2) Jiangnan this month is during the rainy season, rainfall is heavy, and rainfall in other places is gradually increasing. If the air pollution is not serious, it can be left to rain in light of rain or moderate rain. However, it is best to avoid rain in heavy rain and heavy rain so as not to cause rot and buds. During the rainy season, the air humidity is high and there should be less watering.
(3) This month is a relatively high moist environment for orchid sprouting and leaf development. For example, when basin soil is too dry and the air humidity is too low, it can easily cause atrophy of buds and orchid root growth points, which is not conducive to the growth of orchids. Management of orchid buds should highlight a "Run" word, and strive to create a relatively moist environment for raising blue places and basin soil. After the mildew rain, the weather can be dry. It can be used to spray water through the orchid garden, leaf surface water, humidifying the water tray, humidifying humidifier, and other ways, and strive to create air relative humidity of no less than 40% during the day, in order to ensure the permeability of the basin soil. Under watering, it can be properly grounded to maintain the relative humidity of the orchids, so as to ensure that the orchid sprouts, unearths, leaves, and thrive.
July
(1) Prominent heat shading cooling. This month, there are two days of small summer heat (7th or 8th) and great heat (23rd or 24th). The average monthly temperature is around 30, which is the highest temperature in a year. Due to the hot weather, it is necessary to strengthen shade ventilation and cooling work. In hot weather, ventilation fans and micro-fans can be used to blow the wind and promote air circulation. At the same time, often sprinkle water to cool the ground to prevent bruising.
(2) Carefully water the shoots. The high temperature this month, watering generally do not use the drench pot method and watering method to spray water as little as possible, so as not to infuse water into the heart of the leaf to cause decay. In the high temperature season, potted soil cannot be wetted for a long time to prevent the management of root rot, stalk rot, soft rot, and rotting water. This is the focus of work this month.
(3) Slow fertilization. In this month's high temperature, orchids enter dormancy, and it is forbidden to apply organic or inorganic fertilizers at the roots. It is better to fertilize foliar fertilizers, and one-thousandth of urea can be used to add one-thousandth of potassium dihydrogen phosphate or biological bacterial fertilizer to alternate. Use to supplement nutrients, promote vigorous growth, lay the foundation for germination and hair growth in the coming year. In general, spraying in the evening, wash the leaves the next morning to prevent the accumulation of fertilizer on the leaves caused by high temperatures and sun exposure.
(4) Timely prevention of pests and diseases. This month is the most prone to various pests and diseases, so insecticidal sterilization work can not be relaxed. The pesticides for pest control should be sprayed alternately so as to prevent the orchid plant from having a resistance effect. Choose a cool evening application. Do not overdo it to prevent injury.
(5) Reinforce blue rooms to prevent heavy rain and typhoons. Heavy rains, typhoons, and other extreme weather occur frequently this month. Preventive work should be done and measures should be taken to reinforce and shelter the rain and prevent storms from overturning pots and pans and blowing blue leaves.
August
(1) Heatstroke cooling. This month, there are two seasons: Liqiu (7th or 8th) and Shuishi (23rd or 24th). The average monthly temperature is similar to that of the previous month. The hot weather is the second high-temperature month of the year. Pay attention to cooling during the heatstroke and ensure ventilation.
(2) Watering in a timely manner to avoid "Ring shell dryness". During the autumn season, the sky is bright and sunny, the sun is shining, and the amount of water evaporation is large. The basin soil is easy to dry from the pelvic floor, forming a “linger shell drynessâ€, which affects the development of the buds and harms the orchid roots. Various measures such as humidifying the sink, spraying water on the ground, humidifying the humidifier, etc. may be adopted in an effort to create a relative humidity of not less than 40%. In order to avoid “Rockshell drynessâ€, Yilan people must be diligent in observing the wet and dry conditions of the potted soil and find that the pot soil is dry and should be irrigated in a timely manner to keep the soil moist and not stained. Do not overdo it.
(3) Starting from reality, let orchids receive more light. After the middle of this month, the degree of shading should be reduced as much as possible according to the environment of cultivated orchids. Except for the shade of the courtyard and the roof terrace, shades should be properly shaded. Other shade raising places can boldly allow the orchids to receive sufficient light, especially for the full bloom. Strong grass should be the case. At night, try to open the sliding window of the blue room so that it can be fully ventilated and ventilated to maximize the temperature difference between day and night.
(4) Fertilization promotes growth and promotes budding. Starting from the middle and late of this month, organic fertilizers should be applied to the roots of strong seedlings from Guolan, and they can also be fertilized on the leaves. The two can be alternated. Appropriate increase in phosphorus and potassium fertilization to facilitate the production of buds at the same time to ensure the growth of autumn shoots and bred early spring buds. Fertilization is best done in the evening and on a sunny evening. The next morning, it is necessary to pour “refreshing water†to prevent fertilizer damage.
(5) Prevent extreme weather. A typhoon struck the coast of southern China this month. There are also stormy weather in other areas. It is necessary to reinforce the blue room and do a good job of preventing typhoon and typhoon.
(6) Prevention of pests and diseases does not relax. The pests and diseases are very devastating this month. It is a high incidence of soft rot, stalk rot, and other insect pests. Sterilization and insecticide should be carried out in the evening when the sun is going down the mountain on a sunny day, that is, the blue orchids must be sprayed.
September
(1) Remove shading and fully illuminate. This month there are white dew (8th or 9th) and autumnal equinox (23rd or 24th). The average monthly temperature is around 25, the heat is gradually disappearing, the sunshine is softening, and the orchids can be dried as much as possible according to the orchid condition. The sun can basically end the shading work from the end of the winter in order to enhance resistance to pests and diseases and wintering.
(2) Humidification and drying. The dry climate in autumn should follow the ancient teaching of "not to mention the autumn", and pay attention to increase the air humidity to avoid the occurrence of "Lingko dry". Various measures such as humidifying the sink, spraying water on the ground, humidifying the humidifier, etc. may be adopted in an effort to create a relative humidity of not less than 40%. Diligent in observing basin dry and wet conditions, found that potted soil is dry, should be irrigated in a timely manner to keep the soil moist and not stains as good, should not be too dry basin.
(3) Insecticide sterilization. The scale insects, red spiders, aphids, cockroaches, and snails are very rampant this month. Soft rot and black spot disease often occur. It is necessary to sterilize insecticides in a timely manner and periodically change the drug types. The orchid farms can be completely disinfected 1 to 2 times. . The use of drugs is still in the evening as well, is conducive to enhance the effectiveness of insecticidal sterilization.
(4) change basin ramets. After the autumnal equinox, the autumn season is a golden opportunity for replanting and branch propagation. Any orchids that need to turn over the pots or ramets can work in time according to the principle of turning ramets.
(5) Defend the knowledge of blue. This month, flower buds begin to penetrate the soil. Attention should be paid to observing the color, veins, and appearance of various flower buds to enhance their ability to identify different species. If you want to multiply, you can remove the calyx to sprout more buds next year.
(6) Fertilization by seedlings. This month is the last period of orchid fertilization. It is necessary to fertilize large grass and strong grass to provide large buds and grow grass in the next year. However, it is generally not necessary to fertilize sick and weak seedlings. Fertilization can be applied alternately with organic fertilization, inorganic fertilization and biological bacterial fertilization with root fertilization and foliar fertilization in rotation.
October
(1) Let the orchid bathe in the sun. There are two seasons of cold dew (8th or 9th) and frost (23rd or 24th) this month. Autumn is warm and the sun is soft. Shading work is over. Bluegrass can receive the sun throughout the day, promote bluegrass growth and full buds, and increase resistance to disease. The ability to keep out the cold is conducive to wintering orchids.
(2) Increase the humidity in the blue room. The monthly precipitation is small, the air humidity is low, and the planting material in the basin is very easy to dry. Attention should be paid to increasing the air humidity in the blue room to prevent the blue leaves from being contaminated. Case autumn rain can be allowed to pour the shower, but the continuous rain still need to block, do not let the orchid plant long-term rain, to prevent water rot, or prone to black spot.
(3) Increase scale potassium fertilizer. The appropriate temperature in October is another golden season for the growth of bluegrass. It is necessary to apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in time to meet the various nutrients needed for the growth of orchids. In order to grow before the hibernation, the grass and strong grasses will sprout for the early next year. The basic advantage of Yili is to increase the ability to keep cold during the winter but by the end of the month it is necessary to end the one-year fertilization.
(4) Prevent frost. In the second half of this month, there may be early frost in the southern part of the Yangtze River. Temperatures in the temperate north and cold regions of the north may occasionally watch the weather forecast below zero to prevent frost and frost.
(5) Turn over ramets in time. This month, most of the blue plants are mature, and it is the best time to exchange introduced varieties and turn basins, ramets, and refueling in a year. The work that needs to be turned over is best done by the end of this month, if the new grass is not completely established. It is best to suspend the planting of the ramets to allow the new grass to continue growing until the next spring.
November
(1) Do a good job of antifreeze. There are two seasons beginning this winter (7th or 8th) and light snow (22th or 23rd) and begin to enter the winter. Jiangnan morning frost came one after another in this month, and it was necessary to do a good job in preventing frost. In the north, there were powerful cold currents and low-temperature frost phenomena. At the end of this month, it began to enter the cold winter to prepare for winter cold, and it was necessary to watch the weather forecast and take timely protective measures. To avoid frost damage.
(2) Clean blue house, disinfect and sterilize, take active initiative to prevent orchid pests and diseases. The winter temperature drops obviously, the vegetative growth of orchid is over, transfer to reproductive growth stage. After the beginning of the winter, before the temperature has dropped to zero, select a clear sanitation event to clean the blue room thoroughly, remove all kinds of dirt and debris from the blue room, and ensure that no dead corners are left. A comprehensive sterilization to minimize or eliminate the occurrence of various pests and diseases, this will surely receive a multiplier effect.
(3) Full lighting, experience bluegrass, orchid flowering energy accumulation in the coming year. Winter is the season of national orchid reproduction, buds grow slowly, new shoots are also bred, full illumination is particularly important. In winter, the sunshine is gentle. Whether it is a balcony to cultivate orchids, a garden to cultivate orchids, or a special orchid to raise orchids, shade facilities should be removed promptly, and the orchids should be fully bathed in the sunshine in order to accumulate the energy required for orchids to bloom and germinate in the coming year. For example, if the sun is not enough for the Lanterns in winter, the orchids should be supplemented with light through biological growth regulators, otherwise they will directly affect the flowering and sprouting of orchids.
(4) This month, it is still necessary to introduce the potted plants that have not yet been completed. The need to complete the work in the middle and early stages is conducive to the recovery of bluegrass to facilitate early sprouting and budding.
December
(1) Antifreeze should be placed first. This month, there are heavy snowfall (7th or 8th) and the winter solstice (22 or 23rd). During the month, the monthly average temperature below zero in tropical and subtropical regions of China is below freezing. This is the focus of this month's orchid cultivation. Close the window, the best night temperature is controlled at about 5, can not be less than 0, during the day is best controlled at 10 or so, such as the blue room temperature below zero degrees to take heating measures, it is best to use water heater heating with electric heater or air conditioning heating But it must not be heated in coal stoves in the blue house to prevent poisoning.
(2) Full lighting, pay attention to ventilation. This month can rest assured that the orchids receive full light but need to pay attention to the ventilation and ventilation of the Lanfang. Winter Lanyang although the temperature is not high morning and evening, but the sunny weather sometimes closed blue room temperature up to about 20 degrees, such as poor ventilation, Lancome steamed Heat, leaves prone spots, once infected, often in the coming relapse, affect the growth of Lancome. Therefore, if the sunny weather in winter exceeds 10 degrees, it must be properly ventilated and ventilated, especially during the period from 11 noon to 3 pm, in order to avoid the damage caused by steam and heat.
(3) Full vernalization. Chunlan, Cymbidium, Rose Petals, and Spring Swords that are already flower buds are best placed on the north terrace or allowed to be fully vernalized for more than one month by temperature control measures. The temperature generally cannot exceed 10 degrees during the day, and the morning and evening temperatures Not lower than zero; otherwise, if the temperature is too high, it is not conducive to flowering and flowers in the coming year.
(4) Careful watering to prevent rot. At the end of the winter temperature, the water evaporates slowly, Langer's water absorption capacity is relatively weak, and the watering should be less. Winter orchids should be watered when the temperature rises at noon, so that the temperature of the water can be similar to the temperature of the basin soil, and the diseases caused by the difference between the water temperature and the temperature of the basin soil can be avoided. Such as using traditional methods to raise orchids should be along the edge of the pot to water so that the soil can be slowly moisturized, more conducive to Lange's water absorption, pelvic floor with bricks pots, but also timely pots will be the following pots, In order to improve water and gas, to maintain micro-fluid basin soil, the effect is good.
(5) Never apply fertilizer. Orchid hibernation this month, is strictly prohibited any application of fertilizer, select the appropriate application of fine weather at noon 1-2 times to phosphorus and potassium fertilizer mainly to help improve the ability of bluegrass and bluegrass robust.
(6) Summing up experience and raising the level of breeding orchids. Combine the growth conditions of Lancao for a year, carefully summarize successful experiences, find successes and failures, and continuously raise the level of raising orchids.
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